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SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 



OF THE 



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AND 



STATE VETERINARIAN 



OF THE 



STATE OF KANSAS. 



PUBLISHED BY THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



TOPEKA : 

KANSAS PUBLISHING HOUSE: T. D. THACHER, STATE PRINTER. 

1886. 



SECOND ANNUAL REPORT 



OF THE 



\ to-ltoit Irate j flflmmteifln 



AND 



STATE VETERINARIAN 



OF THE 




STATE (W KANSAS 



PUBLISHED BY THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



TOPEKA: 

KANSAS PUBLISHING HOUSE: T. D. THACHER, STATE PRINTER. 

1886. 



REPORT. 



Hon. John A. Martin, Governor of the State of Kansas: 

Sir : In accordance with the provision contained in section 1 of the act of 
the Legislature of Kansas, approved March 24th, 1884, for the protection 
of domestic animals, we have the honor to submit herewith our second an- 
nual report. 

The duties devolving upon our Board have necessitated the holding of 
thirteen meetings during the year; one at Manhattan, one at Great Beud, 
one at Baxter Springs, a session of one meeting at Lakin, and the remainder 
at Topeka. 

Two reorganizations of the Board have occurred during the year: the 
first on account of the expiration of Mr. White's term of office ; the second 
by reason of the resignation of W. A. Harris. The first vacancy was filled 
by the reappointment of J. T. White, and at the meeting of the Board 
held on April 9th, a reorganization was effected by the reelection of W. 
A. Harris as chairman. The second vacancy was filled by the appointment 
of Harrison Kelley, who was elected chairman of the Board at the meeting 
held on June 22d. 

It will be seen from the report of the State Veterinarian, which is re- 
spectfully transmitted herewith, that our State has been comparatively free 
from diseases of an infectious or contagious character during the year, with 
the two exceptions of hog cholera and glanders. That both of these dis- 
eases are on the increase, and that they entail heavy losses upon the people 
of the State, may be learned from the statistics presented in these 'reports. 
That these losses constitute a heavy drain upon the agricultural resources 
of the State, which is sensibly felt by all our business interests, is a fact 
needing no argument or illustration. That these diseases should be sup- 
pressed and prevented, as should all other dangerous maladies affecting the 
domestic animals, is the universal belief of all students of sanitary science. 
That these results can only be attained by the enforcement of judicious laws 
which shall regulate the introduction to the State of animals which are dis- 
eased, or which have been exposed to infection,. and which shall prevent 
the movement of diseased or exposed animals within the State, are the con- 
clusions reached by your Board after a mature and exhaustive study of the 
subject. 

That our present laws relating to the contagious diseases of the domestic 



xS 



LIVE-STOCK SANITAEY COMMISSION, 



animals are deficient in some respects, is evident from the fact that no 
authority exists whereby the greatest of our animal scourges — hog chol- 
era — can in any way be controlled. Neither are the provisions of the gen- 
oral law sufficiently specific, in our opinion, to permit of the practical 
eradication of glanders from the State. 

We feel it incumbent upon us, therefore, to offer such suggestions regard- 
ing the measures which should be adopted, looking to the prevention and 
suppression of these diseases, as to us seem practical of ready enforcement. 

HOG CHOLERA. 

As will be seen from the statistics collected by the State Veterinarian 
and submitted in his report, the losses from this disease for the year are 
variously estimated at from two to four millions of dollars. Even if the 
lowest estimate should cover all of the losses which we have experienced, 
they are much greater than the State should be called upon to bear, if there 
are any means by which these losses can be prevented. Judging from past 
experiences with this disease, the probabilities are that our losses reached 
their maximum from this outbreak during the year just ended ; but that 
just as serious outbreaks will recur from time to time in the future, unless 
the spread of the disease is prevented by legislative measures, is a conclu- 
sion warranted by the history of this great plague. 

That the disease is not curable by any of the means known to veterinary 
science, is conceded by all the ablest investigators of the subject; that the 
period of incubation in this malady is not longer than about fifteen days, 
certainly renders it one of the most easy against which quarantine measures 
may be successfully instituted. If, as our State Veterinarian believes, the 
disease is not indigenous to Kansas, an effective system of quarantine would 
undoubtedly keep the disease out of the State, and permit of the adoption of 
such suppressive measures as might be deemed necessary. 

To accomplish these ends, proclamation should be issued against the intro- 
duction to the State of all swine affected with, or which have been exposed to 
the disease. To determine whether or not animals about to be brought into 
the State are infected, all swine should be inspected at the point of entry and 
held until the question can be determined. In summer time this detention 
would cover a period of not more than seven days, while in winter fifteen 
days' time would be necessary. All swine leaving quarantine grounds for the 
State should be carried only in such cars as had been thoroughly disinfected 
immediately before being used for that purpose. In case the disease ap- 
peared during the period of quarantine, the whole of the infected herd should 
be slaughtered at once without compensation to the owner. 

It would probably be best to adopt no measures of suppression within the 
State until after due notice had been given that such measures would be 
enforced after a certain time. Then all swine found within the State that 
were infected with, or which had been exposed to, the disease, should 



Second annual report. 



be destroyed without delay, and the premises so disinfected and quarantined 
that further spread of the disease could not happen. Since nearly all of the 
swine coming into the State enter either at St. Joseph, Atchison, Leaven- 
worth, Kansas City or Fort Scott, quarantine stations at these points only 
would be necessary. The expense of maintaining such stations would not 
exceed a yearly outlay of over $5,000. This sum would represent not more 
than one-fourth of one per cent, of our present yearly loss. 

The only legislation necessary to enable the State to enforce such meas- 
ures, is the repeal of section 22, chapter 2, Special Session Laws of 1884, 
which we most respectfully recommend be done. 

GLANDERS. 

So many petitions have been presented to this Board during the year, 
citing the prevalence of this disease in various communities, and praying 
for the immediate inspection of suspected animals, and their destruction if 
found diseased, that we believe some means should be provided whereby 
these demands may be complied with. 

The many other imperative duties imposed on the State Veterinarian so 
engage his attention that no time is left in which to make the inspections 
demanded, and this Board has no authority to take any action in such cases 
until they have been reported upon by that officer. 

The complaints made by a large number of persons that their animals 
are placed in quarantine by the sheriffs of the various counties and held 
there for months without an inspection as required by law, greatly to the in- 
convenience and detriment of the owners, and with more or less danger to 
the community, are but just, and it is the opinion of your Board that this 
condition of affairs ought not be permitted to continue longer. It can be 
remedied by provision being made, that when necessary one or more assist- 
ants may be employed, who are competent to render an opinion on this disease. 

Forty-five cases of glanders and farcy have been reported to us by the 
State Veterinarian, of which three have been ordered killed, with the 
consent of the owners. Six others are held in quarantine by our order, 
while the remaining cases have not been acted upon, but left in the quaran- 
tine imposed by the State Veterinarian. The six cases before referred to 
are owned by Mr. D. E. Benedict, of Great Bend, and the circumstances 
connected with the outbreak are such as to have imposed exceptional hard- 
ships upon the owner. It seems that during the autumn and winter of 1884, 
Mr. Benedict lost some five or six animals from causes which did not at the 
time lead to the belief that the trouble was glanders. At the request of the 
Mayor and prominent citizens of Great Bend, the State Veterinarian 
inspected the suspected animals, and reported to our Board on the 22d of June, 
that he had found one case of glanders and three or four animals showing 
suspicious symptoms of the disease. On the 23d of July, two more cases 
were reported from the same stable, when, by direction of our Board, Mr. 



6 LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 

Benedict was given notice that a hearing of his case would be had at Great 
Bend, on August 12th. At this time we witnessed a reexamination of the 
stable by the State Veterinarian, who reported that two more animals had 
developed the disease, making a total of five infected. After hearing the 
case, the Board decided to hold all the infected animals in quarantine, and 
for this purpose employed Mr. Benedict, at a salary of $40 per month, 
to carry into effect the orders of the Board. The horses showing no signs 
of the disease were released. At the last meeting of our Board, on Decem- 
ber 17th, the State Veterinarian reported that one of the quarantined 
animals had died ; that two new cases had been placed in quarantine, one 
of which was acute, and promised shortly to destroy the animal so infected. 
Some of these animals presented all the external appearances of health, and 
are undoubtedly capable of performing the usual labor required of like 
horses. To destroy these animals, which probably have no intrinsic value, 
but have a working value to their owner, without any compensation, would, 
in the opinion of this Board, be an act of injustice. And what is true 
regarding these cases, is true also regarding a majority of all the cases 
reported to our Board ; for in most instances the party reporting his animals 
as glandered, is not capable of detecting the disease, and too often has beeD 
imposed on by some one who has not scrupled to sell an animal capable of 
destroying the life and property of his victim with one of the most loath- 
some diseases known. 

Finally, it is the opinion of our Board that glanders and farcy can best 
be exterminated within the State by the adoption of a special statute on the 
subject, which will largely place the matter in the hands of the local 
authorities. We therefore recommend the bill, a draft of which was sub- 
mitted in our last report, for consideration : 

An Act to amend an act entitled "An act for the protection of domestic animals." 
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas: 

Section 1. Whenever the state veterinarian shall discover a case of 
glanders or farcy among the domestic animals of the state, he shall issue to 
the sheriff of the county in which the said diseased animal is found, a writ- 
ten order to kill and bury the said animal, and to institute such quarantine, 
sanitary and police regulations on the exposed animals and infected premises 
as may be necessary to prevent the further spread of the disease. 

Sec. 2. Whenever the sheriff of a county shall receive an order to kill, 
as provided in section one of this act, he shall, before executing such order, 
proceed to the infected locality and summons two disinterested freeholders, 
who together with the sheriff, shall constitute a board of appraisers. Before 
entering upon their duties the freeholders hereinbefore mentioned shall be 
sworn by the sheriff to make a true and faithful appraisement, without prej- 
udice or favor, of the animal or animals ordered killed. The appraisers 
shall, after making their appraisement, return a certified copy thereof, to- 
gether with the order of the state veterinarian, to the live-stock sanitary 
commission, who shall, if they find the amount correct and just, issue to the 
owner or owners of the animal or animals so killed a certificate showing the 
number and kind of animals killed, and the amount to which the holder is 



Second annual Report. 



entitled, and report the same to the auditor of state. And upon presenta- 
tion of such certificate to the auditor, he shall draw his warrant on the treas- 
urer for the amount therein stated, payable out of any money appropriated 
for the payment of such claims. 

Sec. 3. The sheriff shall receive for performing the duties hereinbefore 
mentioned, such compensation as is provided by law for like services, and 
five (5) dollars additional for each horse, mule or ass killed and buried ; 
and the appraisers provided for in section two of this act shall receive the 
sum of two dollars per diem, and mileage at the rate of ten cents per mile 
for the actual distance necessarily traveled in the performance of their pre- 
scribed duties, all of which sums shall be paid as other expenses of the 
sanitary commission are paid. 

CONTAGIOUS PLEUROPNEUMONIA OF CATTLE, AND QUARANTINE 

REGULATIONS. 

At a meeting of our Board held in Topeka on March 13th, 1885, reports 
were received that contagious pleuro-pneumonia had made its appearance 
among the cattle at Fulton, Calloway county, Missouri. The serious dan- 
ger to be apprehended from the prevalence of this disease so near to the 
borders of our State, demanded that all possible means should be used to 
determine the actual extent of the danger and the measures necessary to 
prevent the possible introduction of the disease into Kansas. We therefore 
directed our Secretary to learn, if possible, of all the infected localities 
known to the authorities of the different States, and to the Bureau of Ani- 
mal Industry, and to report the same at the next meeting of our Board. 
Accordingly, at the next meeting on March 20th, our Secretary reported that 
the information received was not satisfactory, since it could not be learned 
what the true nature of the disease in Missouri was. We therefore directed 
the State Veterinarian to proceed at once to Fulton, Missouri, for the pur- 
pose of investigating the reported outbreak of disease at that point, and to 
make report to our Board at its next meeting. In accordance with these 
directions, at a meeting of the Commission held in Topeka on April 9th, 
the State Veterinarian submitted the following report: 

"To the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission, State of Kansas — Gentlemen: 
In accordance with the directions which I received from your Honorable 
Board at the meeting held March 20th, 1885, I have the honor to submit 
herewith a report upon the investigations which I have made into the dis- 
ease now existing at Fulton, Missouri, and which was reported to your 
Board as being contagious pleuro-pneumonia. 

" On March 25th I proceeded to Fulton, where I remained, at the request of 
his Excellency Gov. Marmaduke, until March 31st. I found that in July, 
1884, the authorities of the State Insane Asylum at Fulton, Missouri, had 
purchased of the Messrs. Tripp, of Peoria, Illinois, a Jersey bull which had 
been exposed to pleuro-pneumonia. In so far as the authorities knew, this 
bull had never shown any signs of sickness, yet during the winter several of 
the cows in the Asylum herd had sickened and died. Some post-mortem ex- 
aminations which had been made led to the belief that the disease was con- 
tagious pleuro-pneumonia. The Bureau of Animal Industry being so 
informed, Dr. M. R. Trumbower was sent to Fulton to make an investiga- 



8 Live-Stock sanitary Commission. 



tion. I found him there on my arrival, and from him learned the following 
facts : On reaching Fulton he had inspected the herd, and pronounced the 
disease to be pleuro-pneumonia. The bull from Illinois and other of the 
sick animals were killed and a post-mortem examination held, the results of 
which confirmed the diagnosis. I was informed by the authorities that they 
had determined to slaughter the entire herd. Accordingly, I remained and 
witnessed the post-mortem examinations, which were made on all that were 
destroyed. More than seventy animals were killed, nearly all of which 
showed that they were infected with the disease. From the post-mortem 
lesions seen, there remains no shadow of doubt but that this is contagious 
pleuro-pneumonia, for some of the cases were as well marked and typical as 
I have ever seen. To what extent cattle outside of the Asylum herd have 
been exposed, is not yet fully known, but it is the opinion of Dr. Trum- 
bower, who has been investigating the matter, that probably 1,000 head 
may have had an opportunity to become infected. In so far as I could 
learn, no animal known to have been exposed has ever left the county of 
Calloway. At a mass meeting held in Fulton on the 31st of March, at 
which I was present, the measures and means necessary for the suppression 
of the disease were being considered, and I was assured by Gov. Marma- 
duke that the disease would not be permitted to spread from the locality 
now infected. In view of the grave danger which exists by reason of the 
close proximity of the infected locality to the important highways of traffic 
across the State of Misssouri, and of the fact that the commerce between 
Missouri and Kansas in stock cattle is so large and intimate, I believe the 
possibility exists of the herds of this State becoming infected with this dis- 
ease from this source ; and for the proper protection of our interests I beg to 
recommend that no cattle from the counties of Calloway, Montgomery. 
Boone and Audrain be permitted to enter Kansas unless quarantined at the 
point of entry for a period of ninety days. 

A. A. Holcombe, State Veterinarian." 

After a full consideration of the matter, we directed our secretary to 
transmit to your Excellency the following preamble and resolutions, to wit : 

" Whereas, Contagious pluro-pneumonia of cattle has made progress during 
the past few months in infecting new localities in close proximity to high- 
ways of cattle traffic betAveen this and other States, thereby seriously en- 
dangering the large live-stock interests of the State of Kansas by the probable 
introduction of the said disease among our herds ; and 

" Whereas, Such a calamity would prove most disastrous to the best inter- 
ests of our State, by depreciating the value of all cattle, and by the restric- 
tion of our intercourse with the markets of the world : therefore, be it 

"Resolved, That we, the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of 
Kansas, do hereby request his Excellency the Governor of Kansas to issue 
a proclamation of quarantine against the introduction into this State of all 
animals of the bovine species coming from the following-named places, to wit : 
All of the State of Connecticut, all of that portion of New York lying- 
south of the north line of the State of Connecticut, all of Pennsylvania, 
New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, the District of Columbia, Virginia, West 
Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and the counties of Calloway, 
Boone, Audrain and Montgomery in the State of Missouri, unless such cat- 
tle are quarantined at the point or locality of introduction into the State for 
a period of ninety days, and retained there until they shall receive a certifi- 
cate of health signed by the State Veterinarian. And be it further 

"Resolved, That all cattle coming into the State from the above-named lo- 



Second Annual Re poet. lo- 



calities, be required to enter the State at Atchison, Kansas City, or Fort 
Scott." 

The quarantine proclamation issued by your Excellency, on April 15th, 
1885, in response to this request, and the subsequent one issued on April 28th 
following, placed so great a restriction upon the commerce between this and 
other States, that our Board believed the interests of the State could be ef- 
fectually guarded, and commerce in cattle largely restored, by admitting all 
cattle coming from excepted districts which could show a clean bill of health, 
and the probability that they had never been exposed to the disease. In this 
opinion your Excellency expressed concurrence. Therefore, at a meeting 
of our Board held on May 2d, 1885, the following rules and regulations 
governing the admission of cattle to the State coming from quarantined dis- 
tricts, were adopted : 

"rules and regulations governing quarantine and the admis- 
sion OF CATTLE INTO KANSAS. 

State Veterinarian's Office, 
Topeka, Kansas, May 2, 1885, 

" Whereas, The Governor of Kansas did, by proclamation, on the 15th 
day of April, 1885, 'declare and establish a quarantine against the intro- 
duction of all animals of the bovine species from the following-named places, 
to wit : All of the State of Connecticut, all of that portion of New York 
lying south of the north line of the State of Connecticut, all of Pennsyl- 
vania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, 
West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, and the counties of Cal- 
loway, Boone, Audrain and Montgomery in the State of Missouri ; ' and did, 
on April 28th, 1885, by further proclamation, extend said quarantine so as- 
to include the whole of the State of Missouri, unless all such cattle coming 
from the above-named localities are quarantined at the point of introduction 
for a period of ninety days, and retained there until they shall receive a 
certificate of health signed by the State Veterinarian of Kansas; and fur- 
ther, that all cattle coming into Kansas from the above-named localities be 
required to enter the State at Atchison, Leavenworth, Kansas City, or Fort 
Scott : 

" Now, therefore, we, the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of 
Kansas, do hereby promulgate the following rules and regulations govern- 
ing quarantine and the admission of cattle into Kansas from the above-named 
localities, to wit : 

"First — All cattle coming into this State from localities quarantined 
against, will be required to furnish the following evidences that they are 
free from disease : 

"(a) Certificate of health, signed by the State Veterinarian of the State 
from which they came, or by a Veterinary Inspector of the Bureau of Ani- 
mal Industry, or in States where neither of these officers exist, by a Veter- 
inary Inspector named by the Governor of said State. 

"(6) Affidavit of. two disinterested parties that they have known the 
cattle in question for a period of four months prior to the date of shipment ;. 
that they have been healthy and exposed to no contagious disease ; and that 
no contagious disease is known or believed to exist in the county from which 
thev come. 



10 LIVE-STOCK SANITARY COMMISSION. 

" (e) Certificate of county clerk of said county, that parties making such 
affidavit are responsible and reputable citizens of the county. 

"(d) Affidavit of owner, made at point of entry, that his cattle are the 
identical cattle described in the foregoing affidavits and certificates ; that 
shipment has been direct and without unloading, except for feed and water, 
and in. cleansed and disinfected cars. 

" (e) Affidavit of owner that the cattle will be kept separate and apart 
from all cattle belonging to other parties, for a period of 90 days. 

"(/) All the foregoing evidence to be submitted, at the point of entry, 
to the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission, the State Veterinarian, or an au- 
thorized inspector of the State, when permit for shipment may be issued. 

"Second — On all cattle inspected and receiving permit for shipment, a fee 
of 50 cents a head will be charged. 

"Third — No railway company doing business in this State will receive 
for shipment into the State, any cattle coming from the quarantined locali- 
ties unless accompanied by the aforesaid permit. 

"Fourth — Cattle not receiving permits, and placed in quarantine in ac- 
cordance with the provisions of the Governor's proclamation, will be held 
at the expense of the owner, subject to such rules and regulations as the 
Sanitary Commission may prescribe. 

'"Extract from Chap. 2, Special Session Laws of 1884. 

"'Sec. 21. Except as otherwise provided in this act, any person who shall violate, 
disregard or evade, or attempt to violate, disregard or evade, any of the provisions of this 
act; or who shall violate, disregard or evade, or attempt to violate, disregard or evade, 
any of the rules, regulations, orders or directions of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission 
■ establishing and governing quarantine, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and 
upon conviction thereof shall be fined in any sum not less than one hundred nor more 
than five thousand dollars.' 

" By order of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission, State of Kansas. 

A. A. Holcombe, Secretary." 

That these modifications of the quarantine proclaimed were unattended 
with any serious degree of danger, is shown by the fact that our State has 
remained free from the disease. That they were necessary for the proper 
maintenance of legitimate traffic, is made apparent by the fact that these or 
similar modifications were made by nearly or all other States and Terri- 
tories which imposed restrictions on the movement of cattle from infected 
localities. At the same time, these modications of our quarantine greatly re- 
duced the expense of maintaining quarantine stations ; for no animals have 
demanded admittance which it has been deemed necessary to hold in quar- 
antine for the prescribed ninety days at the point of entry, and as a conse- 
quence quarantine grounds, buildings, etc., have not been provided as yet. 

It became necessary, however, that inspectors should be placed at the three 
important points of entry: Atchison, Kansas City, and Fort Scott. The ex- 
pense of maintaining these stations has been as follows : Atchison, $406.90 ; 
Kansas City, $746.01 ; Fort Scott, $459.13 ; total, $1,612.04. Of this amount 
$487.04 was paid out of the fund created by assessing all cattle entering the 
State from quarantined districts ; the remainder has been paid from the ap- 
propriation made to defray the expenses of the Sanitary Commission, etc. 

Since quarantine has been raised against the States of Ohio, Illinois, and 
Missouri, as recommended to your Excellency by this Board, and inasmuch 



Second annual Re poet. 11 

as nearly all cattle coming into the State at this time, from quarantined lo- 
calities, come through Kansas City, we believe that an inspector at this 
point only, is now necessary. For these reasons but one inspector has been 
in the employ of the State since September 1. Cattle desiring to enter the 
State at other points are inspected by the State Veterinarian, so that no con- 
siderable delay or inconvenience results from the discontinuing of inspectors 
at the other stations. 

The number of cattle which have entered the State to date from quaran- 
tined districts is 1,383. Of this number, 1,010 came from Missouri, 146 
from Illinois, 130 from Kentucky, 76 from Ohio, 18 from Pennsylvania, 2 
from Tennessee, and 1 from Connecticut. 

Considering how great a loss Missouri sustained by reason of the outbreak 
of this disease within her borders, the great depression of prices on Ken- 
tucky cattle as a consequence of her present infection, the constant danger 
to which we are exposed when no restrictions are placed on the free move- 
ment of cattle from infected localities, and the great loss our State would sus- 
tain should an outbreak of this disease occur within our borders, we are of 
the opinion that the utmost vigilance should be maintained in preventing in- 
fection. The necessary safeguards for the protection of our interests in this 
respect can be continued at a small expense to the State, which is many 
times repaid by the standing of our cattle in the markets of the world. 

THE DISINFECTION OF CARS. 

Believing that more or less danger of infection of live-stock always exists 
from the exposure to which they are subjected when carried in cars used in- 
discriminately in transporting stock of all kinds, at a meeting of the Board 
held May 2 the following order to all railroad companies doing business in 
the State was issued : 

"To the General Manager Railroad Co., : 

"Sir — Whereas, it is the opinion of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission 
of the State of Kansas that it is necessary for the prevention of the spread 
of contagious and infectious diseases, that no cars shall be used or offered 
for use for transporting stock in this State, unless such cars shall have been 
thoroughly cleansed and disinfected : 

" Therefore, you are hereby directed and ordered, in accordance with the 
provisions of sec. 8, chap. 2, Special Session Laws of Kansas, 1884, to cleanse 

and disinfect all cars used or offered for use by the Railroad Co. in 

this State for transporting stock on and after receipt of this order. Points 
selected for cleaning such cars shall be inaccessible to all animals. After 
thorough cleaning, proper disinfection shall consist of the free use of steam, 
dilute carbolic acid, dilute sulphuric acid, or cloride of lime. Please inform 
this Board of the places selected for the cleaning contemplated in this order. 

"By order of the Sanitary Commission, State of Kansas. 

"Dated: Topeka, Kansas, May 2, 1885. 

A. A. Holcombe, Secretary." 

This order of the Board has been very generally complied with by the 
various officials to which it was addressed. Of course there are occasional 



12 Live-Stock Sanitary Commission. 

instances in which it is not possible to adopt these measures without very 
serious inconvenience and expense, but to all intents and purposes the gen- 
eral cleaning and disinfection of stock cars can be made reasonably effective 
without entailing unreasonable expense, much labor, or great delay and in- 
convenience. During the prevalence of epizootic diseases, we are of the 
opinion that such measures will assist in preventing their further spread, 
thereby proving advantageous to both shipper and carrier. 

TEXAS FEVER. 

The enactment of a new T law by the last Legislature on the subject of 
Texas fever, the provisions of which largely imposed the enforcement of the 
act on the Sanitary Commission, has added somewhat to our duties, but 
with results which will prove, we believe, most gratifying to the people of 
the State. In anticipation of the difficulties which might arise in the per- 
formance of our duties under this law, and for the purpose of determining 
clearly how we should proceed, the following letter was addressed to the 
honorable Attorney General of State: 

"Topeka, Kansas, March 17, 1885. 

"To the Attorney General, State of Kansas, Topeka, Kansas — Sir: I am 
directed by the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas to 
request your opinion on the following points in 'An act for the protection of 
cattle against Texas, splenic or Spanish fever, and repealing chapter 3 of 
the Special Session Laws of 1884," approved March 7th, 1885, to wit: 

" 1st. When cattle are in quarantine as provided in section 3, can the 
owner replevy them and continue to drive them within or through the State 
or ship them out of the State? 

" 2d. Is the prima facie evidence named in section 5, sufficient evi- 
dence on which the Commission may issue their order to the sheriff as con- 
templated in section 3? 

"3d. What will constitute a proper certificate as contemplated in the 
first proviso of section 5 ? 

" By order of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission, State of Kansas. 

A. A. Holcombe, Secretary." 

To these inquiries we received the following reply : 

"1st. When cattle are in quarantine as provided in section 3 of the 
Texas-fever act, the owner cannot maintain replevin. Such cattle are in 
custodia legis. Perhaps the owner might, by enjoining the quarantine, get 
the cattle across the State notwithstanding the law, but he would have to 
give bond to pay all damages that might accrue by reason of the injunction. 

" 2d. Whatever satisfies the Board that certain cattle are capable of com- 
municating the Texas fever, whether the prima facie evidence, spoken of 
in section 5, or other competent evidence, will authorize the action of the 
Board contemplated in section 3. 

" 3d. The certificate inquired about should very properly be the affidavit 
of one or more persons who know the facts required to be certified. 

S. B. Bradford." 

In accordance with this opinion, the Board decided that the certificate 
contemplated in section 5 should consist of the affidavits of the president 



Second Annual Repobt. 13 

and secretary of the cattle association covering the territory where the 
cattle were held the previous winter, or the affidavits of the sheriff and 
county clerk of the county from which the cattle came, showing the neces- 
sary facts. 

In June several reports were received that many southern cattle had 
entered, and were contemplating entering, the State on their way north. 
These reports gave rise to much uneasiness and apprehension among the 
citizens of the western counties. In accordance with the request of your 
Excellency, a meeting of our Board was held on June 22d, for the purpose 
of considering the matter, at which time it was decided that the Board 
would investigate the reported violations of the law by visiting the counties 
from which complaints had been received. For this purpose we proceeded 
to Dodge City, Garden City and Lakin, where we learned that all herds 
which were known to be within the State were from localities north of the 
Texas-fever district. To prevent if possible, the entry of dangerous herds, 
we deemed it necessary that an agent of the Board should be stationed on 
the frontier at a point where such cattle were most likely to enter the State. 
We accordingly appointed an inspector at a salary of $50 per month, and 
stationed him on the south line of the State, in Seward county, with in- 
structions to report at once the entry of any cattle coming from south of 
the line established by the law as bounding the territory from which cattle 
were believed to be healthy. 

In consequence of the proclamation issued by your Excellency on July 
21st, the following circular letter was issued by our Board : 

"Office of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission, ) 
"Topeka, Kansas, July 28, 1885. j 

" To the Sheriff, Deputy Sheriffs, Under- Sheriffs, and all Constables, of the 

County of , State of Kansas : Whereas, his Excellency the Governor 

of Kansas, in a proclamation dated July 21, 1885, has directed all sheriffs, 
deputy sheriffs, under-sheriffs and constables within this State to promptly 
take charge of and restrain any cattle driven into, or attempted to be driven 
through, any county where such officer resides, the said cattle having come 
into the State from south of the 37th parallel of north latitude ; and whereas, 
the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission is directed, in the same proclamation, 
to adopt effective regulations enforcing the provisions of chapter 191, Ses- 
sion Laws of the State of Kansas of 1885: 

"Now, therefore, we, the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of 
Kansas, do hereby direct that whenever you have notice or knowledge that 
there are within your county cattle coming from south of the 37th parallel 
of north latitude, you forthwith take charge of and restrain such cattle, 
under such temporary quarantine regulations as will prevent the communi- 
cation of disease, and make immediate report to this Commission. 

" You will notify the owners or persons in charge of such cattle to be 
ready to show to this Commission, at such time and place as they may desig- 
nate, where the said cattle have been held since the first day of December, 
1884 

" You will hold all cattle so quarantined until released by order of this 
Commission, and incur no more expense than is absolutely necessary. All 



14 LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 



expenses necessarily incurred by you while acting under the provisions of 
chapter 191, Session Laws of 1885, will be paid as provided for in section 3 
of said law. 

"By order of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas. 

"A. A. Holcombe, Secretary." 

Under these instructions a number of animals, suffering from Texas fever 
contracted while grazing in the Indian Territory, were taken and held by 
the officers of Cherokee county, and a hearing given the owners on August 
21st, at a meeting of the Board held in Baxter Springs. All of these ani- 
mals were released by the Board, since they were not capable of transmitting 
the disease. 

In so far as we know, no violation of the law relating to this disease has 
taken place during the year; and as will be seen by the report of the State 
Veterinarian, all cases of the disease reported in the State have resulted 
from exposure to the infection while the animals were beyond our borders. 

HARRISON KELLEY, 
J. W. HAMILTON, 
J. T. WHITE, 

Sanitary Commissioners. 
Topeka, Kansas, December 31, 1885. 



REPORT OF THE STATE VETERINARIAN 



To the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas :: 

Gentlemen — I have the honor to submit herewith the annual report of 
the State Veterinarian for the year ending December 31st, 1885. 

The State, during the year, has been comparatively free from contagious 
and infectious diseases of a malignant character, with, the two exceptions of 
hog cholera and glanders. The unusual prevalence, however, of these two 
diseases, and the maintaining of quarantine regulations against certain 
States infected with contagious pleuro-pneumonia of cattle, have imposed 
more duties on this office than can be performed by one man. The almost 
constant attention which had to be devoted to quarantine matters during 
several of the summer months, largely prevented that attention to the in- 
spection of diseased animals within the State which is expected of this office.. 
It is impossible to answer in person all the calls made for the services of the 
State Veterinarian ; consequently I have been guided largely during the year 
by the expressed wish of his Excellency the Governor, and the directions 
of your Honorable Board, in the performance of such duties as were be- 
lieved to be most important for the welfare of the whole State. But any 
course adopted which did not include an early inspection of all cases of con- 
tagious disease which were reported, would necessarily give rise to much in- 
convenience and discontent upon the part of the public demanding the 
services of an official to which they were entitled. The wrongs and hard- 
ships which these unavoidable delays in answering calls produce, will be- 
considered more fully when treating on the subject of glanders, the cases- 
wherein most of these complaints arise. 

During the year more than 1,200 communications have been received, ex- 
clusive of the bills of health, etc., which accompany cattle entering the 
State, and coming from localities against which quarantine regulations exist.. 
These communications are on file, and relate to the following subjects : 454 
to glanders and farcy; 101 to hog cholera; 317 to quarantine matters; 67 
to black-leg in cattle; 26 to Texas fever; 15 to diseases of sheep, and the 
remainder to other diseases and miscellaneous matters pertaining to the 
duties of the office. 

Nine hundred and thirty-six letters have been written and sent out by 
mail, besides innumerable reports, circulars, proclamations, quarantine rules, 
etc. The time required to give this correspondence necessary attention! 
ought largely to be devoted to the performance of other duties, 

(15.) 



16 STATE VETERINARIAN. 

More than 13,000 animals have been inspected by me during the year, a 
majority of which have been cattle. To perform these services has required 
an amount of traveling in excess of that for the previous year. 

CONTAGIOUS PLEUROPNEUMONIA, AND QUARANTINE MATTERS. 

The State is still free from infection by contagious pleuro-pneumonia, and 
I have no doubt will remain so while the present system of quarantine is 
maintained. The reported outbreak of the disease, however, during the 
early part of the year, at Fulton, Missouri, gave rise very justly to a feeling 
of apprehension that the whole cattle industry of the State was in imminent 
danger. In accordance with the instructions of your Board, dated March 
20, 1885, I visited Calloway county, Missouri, on the 25th of that month, 
and remained until the 31st, for the purpose of learning the nature and ex- 
tent of the outbreak. Having found the disease more prevalent than was 
anticipated, I reported the facts to your Board on April 9, and recom- 
mended that quarantine against all known infected localities be established 
at once. The quarantine proclaimed by his Excellency the Governor of 
Kansas on the 15th and 28th of April, made necessary the adoption of 
suitable rules and regulations for the control of cattle coming into the State 
from localities quarantined against. These rules and regulations were con- 
sequently issued on the 2d of May, and their enforcement largely intrusted 
to this office, with the assistance of the inspectors which your Board ap- 
pointed. Each inspector has been required to make weekly reports to this 
office of all cattle receiving his permit for entry to the State, together with 
the number of animals in each shipment, their destination, and the name of 
the owner. All bills of health, affidavits showing where cattle came from, 
and descriptive lists, have been preserved, and are on file in this office. 
These papers show that 1,383 animals have come from the various quaran- 
tined districts, and entered the State. The fees received from these cattle 
aggregate $681.50. On the plea of poverty, twenty head were admitted 
without the payment of the prescribed fee. The money in this fund has 
been disbursed on the order of your Board as follows : To Inspector E. R. 
Allen, for salary and incidental expenses, $330.14; to E. H. Sharrard, in- 
spector, for salary and incidental expenses, $156.90 ; to M. R. Trumbower, 
inspector, salary, $100; to A. R. Beatty, inspector, for salary, $50; for 
printing quarantine blanks, $7.50 ; leaving a balance in my hands of $36.96. 

I have endeavored to so enforce the rules and regulations which you have 
adopted, that there should be no question as to the full protection of the 
interests of the State, and at the same time have aimed to impose no un- 
necessary burden or requirements upon parties bringing healthy cattle into 
the State. In this effort I have been very generously assisted by the public, 
and ably seconded by the inspectors which you have placed in charge of 
our quarantine stations. I beg the privilege to commend, in particular, at 
this time, the courteous and efficient service rendered by Inspector E. R. 
Allen, formerly stationed at Fort Scott, but now in charge of the station 



Second Annual Re poet. 17 

at Kansas City, and to acknowledge our obligations to the various stock- 
yards for courtesies shown. 

During the latter part of summer and through the autumn many immi- 
grants came to the State from localities quarantined against, who brought 
with them one or more cows. As a rule, these parties were unaware of the 
existence of quarantine regulations, and consequently arrived upon our bor- 
ders without the evidence (demanded by your rules and regulations) to show 
the healthy condition of their cattle. To hold such cattle, under these cir- 
cumstances, while the owners wrote or returned for bills of health and evi- 
dence to show that their cattle had never been exposed to pleuro-pneumonia, 
imposed a hardship which the immigrant could illy afford. Consequently, 
in these cases we have simply required the owner to make affidavit as to 
where his cattle came from, how long he had known them, his destination, 
and a promise under oath that he would hold them apart from other cattle 
for ninety days. This course of action has been approved by his Excel- 
lency the Governor, and by the individual members of your Board. I have 
no doubt that it is unattended with any serious degree of danger. 

Of the cattle presented for inspection at the various points of entry pro- 
vided for in the quarantine proclamation, not one has been found showing 
signs of pleuro-pneumonia. A few small shipments have come from dan- 
gerous localities, without sufficient evidence to warrant the conclusion that 
they had never been exposed to the disease, and they have been refused ad- 
mittance unless they would undergo the prescribed ninety days of quaran- 
tine. In every instance this has been declined by the owners, and the cattle 
have not entered the State. I am not aware that any of these cattle have 
since developed the disease, but the simple fact that cattle come to our bor- 
ders under such circumstances is, within itself, sufficient cause for constant 
guard against their introduction. 

No flagrant violation of our quarantine regulations is known or believed 
to have occurred. That some cattle have been driven across our borders 
without inspection, I have no doubt, for it is not possible to effectively guard 
our entire eastern border; but I believe that all such cattle were brought 
into the State without a compliance with our regulations simply to escape 
the delays consequent on an inspection made at established points of entry, 
often difficult to reach from certain parts of our border, and not because 
such cattle were unhealthy. 

That the maintenance of quarantine regulations by the State imposes a 
serious restriction upon the commerce in cattle, is not to be denied, but that 
such regulations are imperative, under present circumstances, is equally true. 
The restrictions which such action by the various States has imposed have 
done more than all other causes combined to educate the public to the 
necessity for uniform rules and regulations of quarantine among the different 
States and Territories, and the urgent need for such national legislation as 
2 



18 State Veterinarian. 

will confine this disease to its present limits and there suppress it at what- 
ever cost may be necessary. 

The experience which the State of Missouri has undergone in this disease, 
during the past year, wherein a loss of more than $2,000,000 was sustained, 
and the estimated loss of $12,000,000 to the State of Kentucky by reason 
of the outbreak within her borders, are incidents which should warn us of 
the danger to be apprehended from the possible introduction of the disease 
to Kansas. With proper vigilance, I believe the State will escape infection. 
I therefore most urgently recommend that our present quarantine regula- 
tions against all known infected localities be continued. 

HOG CHOLERA. 

The immense losses which this terrible scourge has inflicted on the swine 
industry of the State during the year are simply appalling. Nearly every 
county in the eastern half of the State has become infected with the disease, 
and it is rapidly working its way westward, having at last reports made its 
appearance in Pawnee county in the southwest, and in Osborne county in 
the northwest. There being no natural barriers to its further progress in 
all directions, I am at a loss to know how the widespread destruction of 
property which it entails is to be avoided without the adoption of compulsory 
sanitary regulations. But before suggesting the measures which I believe 
are necessary for the proper protection of the swine of the State, I beg to 
review, briefly, the history of the present outbreak, to present the reasons 
why the disease is hog cholera and not something new; and to submit the 
statistics I have been able to gather, showing how great the losses have 
been during the year. 

HISTORY OF THE OUTBREAK. 

During the few years which immediately preceded 1883, it was very gen- 
erally believed that hog cholera had nearly if not quite become extinct 
within the State. In the early summer of 1883, I witnessed an outbreak 
of the disease in Jefferson county, and further learned during the autumn 
that several localities were infected in the eastern part of the State. The 
cold weather of the following w r inter of course arrested its ravages for the 
time being, but early in the summer of 1884 it reappeared with increased 
violence, and soon infected at least thirty of our most prominent swine-rais- 
ing counties. The losses reported to this office, Avhich represented but a small 
portion of the actual losses sustained, exceeded a hundred thousand dollars. 
Having secured such a strong foothold within the State during that year, 
the advent of warm weather in 1885 served to stimulate its still further 
spread, until now at least fifty-eight counties are infected, and our losses 
have reached the millions. 

THE CAUSES OF THE DISEASE. 

It might perhaps be considered out of place to discuss the theories of the 
laity regarding the causes of this disease in a report of this kind, and my 



Second annual re poet. 19 

only excuse therefor is to be found in the desire I entertain to so present the 
matter that sanitary laws may be adopted which will effectually prevent the 
further spread of the disease, and suppress it within the State. This, I be- 
lieve, can only be accomplished by furnishing facts in juxtaposition with 
the fallacies of the various theories regarding the disease, which have a hold 
more or less strong upon the minds of many of our people. 

As is usual in any calamity, nearly everyone has his theory as to the 
cause or causes of hog cholera, and a remedy therefor. The very general 
prevalence of the disease throughout a large portion of our country seems 
to have developed a wonderful amount of medical knowledge and a genius 
for originating "unfailing specifics" never before seen among the would-be 
"hog doctors." But strange as it may seem, those who profess to know the 
most about the disease, and particularly its causes and cure, are those who 
never before had given any thought to the pathology of diseases or the sci- 
ence of therapeutics. The claims made by these embryo investigators vary 
in absurdity, from the statement of one that he "had cured the disease, for 
he had seen it come from the sick animal, but that in curing the first dis- 
ease he had produced another which he could not cure," to the discovery of 
another that "the trouble is nothing but measles, and if it can be ' brought 
out' the patient will recover." On the other hand, not one of all the 
many eminent investigators of this disease has ventured to say that he could 
cure it, notwithstanding he brought to his aid a lifetime of scientific study, 
supplemented w T ith all the appliances for thorough investigation and experi- 
ment which experience and inventive genius have supplied. 

But however barren of immediate practical results these illy-directed ex- 
periments of the many may prove, they serve a good purpose ultimately in 
teaching the public that specific contagious diseases are more easily and 
cheaply prevented than cured. 

THE LUNG-WORM AS A CAUSE OF HOG CHOLERA. 

Perhaps the most popular idea in the State at this time, as regards this 
disease, is the belief that it is due to the presence of the lung-worm 
(Stronc/ylus contortus). This belief is entertained not only by the laity, 
but by many physicians. It seems that the simple fact of sometimes find- 
ing these worms in the lungs and in the intestines of diseased animals, has 
led the believers in this theory to the conclusion that of necessity they 
were the cause of the disease. But a brief review of the history of this 
parasite and the conditions which it may cause by gaining access to the 
lungs of swine, will serve to show the fallacy of the argument that it has 
any part in the producing cause of cholera. 

The full life history of the strongylus is probably unknown, but that 
part of its existence spent in the bodies of swine, has been learned. When 
this parasite is taken into the stomach along with food, the female deposits 
her eggs, which in time hatch out very small strongyli. These young par- 
asites, by piercing the soft tissues, gain access to the blood vessels, and in 



20 State Veterinarian. 

the current of blood are carried to the lungs. Here they permeate the 
tissues again, to find lodgment in the bronchial tubes and air cells, where 
they grow and multiply indefinitely. By their irritation, especially when 
present in large numbers, they induce inflammation of the bronchial mu- 
cous membrane and even of the lung substance proper. Now an attack of 
bronchitis from this cause is characterized by conditions and circumstances 
quite unlike hog cholera in many particulars. To begin with, old or full- 
grown animals are but rarely seriously affected by the presence of these 
worms; in fact, it is not unusual to find them in fat animals slaughtered for 
food, where their presence could not even have been reasonably suspected 
during life; it is the poorest and younger ones that take the trouble first; 
one or two develop the malady at a time, so that it requires a long period to 
infect a whole herd ; the affected ones cough for days or weeks before be- 
coming seriously ill; there is no apparent well-defined period of incubation ; 
the weakest die first, and finally only those die which have large numbers 
of these parasites in their lungs. 

But how different are the conditions attendant on cholera. In this dis- 
ease old and young alike die, although the mortality is greatest in the 
young; the period of incubation is both short and well defined, ranging 
from four to fifteen days according to the weather. In winter time cholera 
almost ceases its ravages, while the lung-worm at this season kills nearly all 
of its younger victims. Cholera nearly always kills the fattest and best of 
the herd first, not the poorest; thousands die without a worm in the lungs 
and without a cough ; many die in from twelve to forty-eight hours after 
the first appearance of the disease; many others die with no other lesions 
than the great ulcerated patches found on the inner surface of the bowels, 
and that, too, without the presence of a single worm to account for the con- 
dition ; still others die with large pieces of flesh sloughing from their sides, 
or with the loss of parts of one or both ears; nearly all the victims of this 
disease show marked discolorations of the softer skin found under the belly, 
between the legs and around the neck; and lastly, it is not unusual to find 
thirty, forty or fifty animals die in a day from an infected herd numbering 
two or three hundred head. Surely, then, the two diseases are produced by 
different causes ; and while it is true that both exist in Kansas, it is not 
very difficult to distinguish one from the other. 

IS IT CONTAGIOUS PLEUEO-PNEUMONIA? 

During the early summer the impression prevailed generally throughout 
many counties within the State that this disease was not the old-fashioned 
cholera, but something new in the way of a pneumonia or pleuro-pneu- 
monia. A lack of knowledge of the medical history of the disease, coupled 
with the fact that in making post-mortem examinations, disease of the 
lungs was found and the lesions of the bowels overlooked, must account for 
this belief. It is only necessary to go back a few years to find some of the 
ablest investigators characterizing this disease as pneumonia or pneumo- 



SECOND ANNUAL REPORT. 21 

enteritis, on account of the universal presence of lesions in one or both sets 
of these organs. But these names have been discarded because they were 
misleading, and the term hog cholera is generally used because it means 
nothing in particular and is generally understood to designate the one great 
plague to which our swine are subject. On these grounds, then, the disease 
is not to be considered as something new. 

IS IT MEASLES? 

Very recently the statement has gone abroad that the disease among our 
Kansas swine is nothing but the measles, but it seems evident that whoever 
originated this statement either never saw a case of measles in the pig, or 
never saw the cholera. It is enough to say in this connection that measles 
in the pig are caused by the parasite which, when taken into the stomach of 
the human being, along with diseased pork, develops into the tape worm; 
that the disease is not seen in swine over a year old ; that it rarely causes 
death ; that it takes the parasite two and one-half months to fully develop ; 
that these parasites are found only in the muscular tissues of the affected 
animal, and that they do not cause red spots, or an eruption upon the skin 
as seen in human measles ; and lastly, that this disease is not in fact conta- 
gious from pig to pig. 

IS IT CAUSED BY HIGH FEEDING, POOR FEEDING, FILTHY SURROUND- 
INGS, OR CLOSE INBREEDING? 

So much has been said, particularly by some of the agricultural journals, 
in the way of advice as to how the cholera could be kept out of the herd by 
judicious feeding and clean quarters, that I deem it of importance to show 
that hygienic conditions have but little influence on the mortality produced 
by this disease, and nothing whatever in causing it. 

In the first place, it matters not how rich and stimulating, or how poor 
and innutritious, the food supply may be, the important fact remains, un- 
disputed by reliable evidence, that hog cholera never appears in a neigh- 
borhood remote from infected localities, except upon the advent of swine 
brought from some distant point, which swine had been exposed to the dis- 
ease before or during the journey. That the fattest animals in a herd are the 
ones most susceptible to infection, I concede, and this is sufficient bar to the 
claim that the disease is caused from want of proper food ; but it matters not 
whether the condition of thrift is produced by corn, oats, rye, bran, slops, or 
clover, for if the disease makes its appearance it respects the flesh put on by 
none of these agents, but kills alike the animal that has spent his life eat- 
ing corn and sleeping in a clean pen ; the one that revels in clover pastures 
and spring brooks, as well as the back-door scavenger that roots for a living. 
During the past summer I have seen the disease under all possible condi- 
tions, and with but little variation in the attendant mortality. In Osage 
county, one gentleman lost nearly all of his hogs while they were running 
in a fine clover pasture at the head of a spring stream ; another, in Reno 
county, had a like experience with his herd which was watered from a well 



22 State Vetebinabian. 

and fed upon oats growing in the field; another, in the same county, treated 
his herd to corn and a rye-field, with no better results; another, in Brown 
county, turned his hogs loose in an 80-acre cornfield, with spring water, and 
his mortality reached about 90 per cent, of the herd; another, in Jackson 
county, penned his herd, fed corn, slops, and the charred carcasses of the 
dead, with a mortality of 60 per cent. ; while another, in Elk county, turned 
his swine into the timber adjoining a corn field, and left them to "rustle for 
themselves," and at last reports he was only able to find alive 6 per cent, of 
the herd. 

As to whether close inbreeding makes the product more susceptible to 
infection, or less able to withstand the disease, I am not prepared to say — 
it certainly has nothing to do with the cause of the disease. 

WHY THE DISEASE IN KANSAS IS THE SO-CALLED CHOLERA. 

Whether the disease affecting the swine of this State should be called hog 
cholera, swine-plague, or by some other name, is not a very material ques- 
tion to the breeder. He is more interested in learning the cause of the 
trouble, and how to prevent it; for the disease is just as destructive under 
one name as under another — having during the past summer reached just 
as high a mortality in Reno county, where it was called pneumonia, as in 
Johnson county, where they called it worms, or in Brown county, where they 
admitted it to be genuine cholera. Nor was this great mortality confined 
alone to Kansas, for Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and Nebraska lost heav- 
ily from the same disease. 

If we accept the simple facts regarding cholera, as described by all au- 
thorities on the subject, and compare our Kansas disease with those facts, 
we shall have no trouble in reaching the conclusion that the two diseases 
are identical. To begin with, the so-called cholera is conceded to be highly 
contagious, and to have a well-marked period of incubation; not originated 
spontaneously ; readily spread by means of the infected animal, dead car- 
casses, running streams on which infected herds are held, the washings from 
infected grounds ; by the cleanings from cars used to carry swine ; by in- 
fected cars and stock-yards ; by dogs, cats, rats, crows, the air, and by the 
clothing of persons who come in contact with the virus of the disease. Fur- 
thermore, it is conceded that this malady is characterized by marked lesions 
of the lungs, bowels, and skin, which give rise to the symptoms of fever, 
sore eyes, coughing, diarrhoea or constipation, red or purple discolorations 
of the skin, sloughing of certain parts, rapid emaciation, and death. 

Probably in no outbreak of this disease do all of these conditions and 
symptoms appear in one and the same animal; but if the disease is studied 
in its entirety, as found in an infected neighborhood, all of these character- 
istics will be found. And just here is where the difficulty arose regarding 
the identity of the disease in this State. Some one who had seen the cholera 
in Illinois, years ago, would insist that then his hogs had diarrhoea, while 
now they were constipated ; that then the sick all died within three or four 



Second annual Re poet. 23 

days' time, while now some would live a week or two; that then the lungs 
were all right, while now they were all wrong ; that then he found no lung- 
worms, while now they were plenty, and that consequently this could not 
be the old-fashioned cholera. 

But the fact remains, that in none of the many infected localities which 
I have visited during the past year, have I failed to find all the symptoms, 
conditions and lesions described as belonging to hog cholera, as I have seen 
it in the eastern States. True, a post-mortem examination, made on one case, 
would show but a part of all the diseased changes which characterize cholera, 
but when these examinations covered a large number of cases, nothing was 
found wanting to prove the identity of this disease with cholera. 

Furthermore, in every instance where I could devote the necessary time 
thereto, the outbreak could be traced back to the introduction of swine from 
abroad. An instance which happened in Elk county is illustrative of this 
statement. It is said that Elk county had never experienced this disease, 
until in the autumn of 1884 a gentleman brought a car-load or more of 
young hogs from Illinois. Shortly after their arrival, cholera appeared 
among them and destroyed them all. By June 1, 1885, the disease had 
spread from the point of infection until more than $12,000 worth of swine 
had been swept away. 

LOSSES FROM THE DISEASE DURING 1885. 

When a disease has become so widespread as this one now is, including, 
as it does, at least 58 of our most prominent swine-raising counties, it is not 
possible to get anything like accurate statistics of the losses experienced. 
As may be learned, however, from the figures given by counties at the end 
of this report, 32 counties have reported losses aggregating the sum of 
$1,401,625. According to the assessors' reports, these 32 counties had on 
hand, March 1, 1885, 1,405,395 head of swine. The mortality in these 
counties during 1884 reached 137,904 head, or about 9.8 per cent, of those 
on hand March 1st, 1885. If we estimate the value of the swine lost this 
year at $6 per head, we find that these 32 counties must have lost 233,604 
head, or about 16.62 per cent, of those on hand on the first of March. The 
mortality for the whole State in 1884 was nearly the same as for the 32 
counties referred to, or 9.62 per cent, of those on hand March 1st. If the 
mortality for the whole State has increased in the same proportion as found 
in the 32 counties above, the total losses will reach 408,068 head, worth at 
$6 apiece $2,448,408. The entire mortality of the year is not, of course, to 
be attributed to cholera; but the mortality from other causes does not much 
exceed 3 per cent., or 73,659 head, worth $441,954, leaving the losses from 
cholera at $2,006,454. But that this estimate upon our losses is too low, I 
think is shown by the following facts : The losses reported last year from 
the 32 counties previously referred to, only reached $37,590 for this disease, 
while this year they are reported by the same officials as being more than 



24 State Vetebinabian. 

37 times as great. If the State as a whole has lost proportionately, then 
our losses will aggregate about $4,000,000. 

But however small the total losses may be determined to have been, they 
have exceeded by far any previous experience of the State in this regard. 
That the direct losses resulting from the mortality caused by this disease are 
not the only ones sustained, is to be learned only by a full consideration of 
the bearings which this industry has upon other interests. It must not be 
overlooked in this connection that an outbreak of cholera induces the mar- 
keting of swine of all ages, weights, and condition, which not only entails a 
loss upon the owner, but always depresses prices. The State of Kansas 
shipped to the Kansas City stock-yards alone, 1,816,478 head of swine dur- 
ing 1885, or nearly three-fourths of all we had on hand on March 1st. How t 
many of this number were infected with cholera, no one knows. Fear of 
the disease always tends to reduce prices by largely limiting the sale of 
swine for stock purposes. The inability of the feeder of cattle to safely buy 
and keep swine to consume the waste in his feed lots, either prevents him 
from feeding at all or compels him to feed at a loss. As a consequence, the 
price of feeding-steers is also depressed. With neither hogs nor steers to 
eat his feed, the farmer is compelled to market his corn at low prices, much 
labor, and heavy expense. 

These losses are a heavy drain upon the material resources of our State, 
and they ought not and cannot well be withstood. The question then arises, 
Can they be prevented ? and if so, how ? 

HOW TO PREVENT AND SUPPRESS THE DISEASE. 

To repeat what I have said in previous reports, there is no evidence to 
show that this disease is indigenous to Kansas, nor that any part of the State 
is permanently infected with the disease germ. I believe it is a fact that 
no outbreak has occurred in the State which cannot be traced directly or 
indirectly to the introduction of swine from other States, which were in- 
fected with cholera at the time of shipment, or which became so infected 
while in transit, either by means of the cars in which they were carried, or 
the stock-yards through which they passed. If all of our cholera then comes 
to us through our traffic with other States, it would seem that a proper su- 
pervision of this traffic might prevent the introduction of diseased swine to 
Kansas herds. That effective quarantine measures would accomplish this 
end, and that they are practical for adoption, I believe may be readily shown. 

When our present law for the control of contagious animal diseases was 
being considered by the Legislature which passed the act, the question was 
raised as to whether hog cholera should be included in its provisions. As will 
be seen by a reference to sec. 22 of the statute, (ch. 2, Special Session Laws 
1884,) "the provisions of this act shall not apply to sheep and hogs, except 
when affected or exposed to foot-and-mouth disease," and the reasons for 
excepting swine were advanced in the argument, that if the Sanitary Com- 
mission should quarantine an infected herd at the outbreak of cholera, the 



Second annual repobt. 25 

owner would be prevented from marketing such animals as were not yet 
sick, and that as a consequence of this action his losses would be greater 
than if no interference was permitted by the State. While this argument 
is good enough, in so far as it goes, it fails to include that broader principle 
which underlies all true prosperity of communities — "the greatest good to 
the greatest number." 

While it is true that the adoption of effective suppressive measures would 
entail heavier individual losses in the beginning of an outbreak, it is equally 
true that in this way only can greater aggregate losses be prevented, and 
proper measures of suppression be enforced; for so long as diseased ani- 
mals are permitted to live in a community or exposed ones are shipped to 
market, just so long do we maintain dangerous foci from which the disease 
may spread. 

The clinical history of this disease would indicate, that when once free 
from it we might keep it out of the State by quarantine measures which 
would neither be expensive nor oppressive. 

The period of incubation being so short in summer as from four to seven 
days and in winter from seven to fifteen days, it would be sufficient to re- 
quire that all swine coming into the State should undergo a quarantine of 
from seven to fifteen days, according to season, at the point of entry. In 
case the disease should appear during the period of quarantine, the whole 
herd should be immediately slaughtered, and the infected grounds thoroughly 
disinfected. This would of course entail a loss upon the owner, but it would 
be as nothing to the losses which result from the free introduction to the 
State of diseased or exposed animals. 

Furthermore, such regulations w r ould be full notice to all parties desiring 
to bring swine into the State of the penalties consequent upon an outbreak 
of the disease, which, in itself, would impel the owner to adopt all precau- 
tions against the possibility of infection. 

The suppression of the disease w 7 ithin the State, at this time, would not 
prove so easy a matter to accomplish, owing to the vast extent of the terri- 
tory infected. So desirable an end can be reached only with the assistance 
of the interested public. This interest might be secured by providing that 
on and after a certain date (say September 1st, 1886,) all swine found within 
the State affected with or which had been exposed to hog cholera would be 
destroyed without delay, and without compensation to the owner. This 
period of procrastination would enable all parties having infected herds to 
make such disposition of them as would entail the least loss. 

The enforcement of such measures would cost but a small sum — prob- 
ably not more than $5,000 a year, or less than one-fourth of one per cent, of 
our losses for this year. 

To enable the State to adopt such measures as I have suggested, requires 
only that section 22, chapter 2, Special Session Laws of 1884, shall be re- 
pealed. 



26 State Vetebinabian. 

If, however, it is believed that a special statute upon the subject would 
prove more satisfactory, I would respectfully submit the following draft of 
a bill covering the principal points hereinbefore set forth: 

An Act for the protection of swine against the disease known as hog cholera. 
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas : 

Section 1. No person or persons shall bring or cause to be brought into 
or through any county or part thereof in this state, any swine which are 
diseased with, or which have been exposed to, w T hat is commonly known as 
hog cholera. Any person violating any provision of this act shall upon 
conviction thereof be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall for each 
offense be fined not less than one hundred and not more than two thousand 
dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than thirty days and 
not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 

Sec. 2. Whenever the governor of the state shall have good reason to 
believe that hog cholera has become epizootic in certain localities in other 
states, territories, or countries, or that there are conditions which render 
swine coming from such infected districts liable to convey such disease, he 
shall by proclamation prohibit the importation of all swine into the state 
unless they are quarantined at the point of introduction, and retained there 
until they shall receive a certificate of health, signed by the state veteri- 
narian of Kansas. 

Sec. 3. Whenever the governor of the state shall have issued his proclama- 
tion as provided in section 2 of this act, it shall be the duty of the sanitary 
-commission to establish upon the borders of the state such quarantine sta- 
tions as may be required, and to prescribe such rules and regulations gov- 
erning quarantine, as may be deemed necessary; and all animals detained 
in quarantine, as required by this act, shall be held at the expense of the 
owner or owners thereof; and upon the appearance of the disease known as 
hog cholera among the swine of any herd so held in quarantine, it shall be 
the duty of the sanitary commission to at once cause the destruction of all 
animals found so diseased, or which have been exposed to such disease, and 
the owner or owners of swine so destroyed shall have no claim upon the 
state or its authorized officers for the losses sustained thereby. 

Sec. 4. On and after the first day of September, 1886, it shall be the duty 
of any person having in his possession any swine known or believed to be 
infected with hog cholera, or after having received notice that such swine 
are so infected, to at once report the same to the sanitary commission; and 
any person who shall keep any swine known, believed or reported to be so 
infected, or which have been exposed to such infection, where other swine 
not affected by or previously exposed to such disease may be exposed to its 
contagion or infection, or w 7 ho shall sell, ship, drive, trade or give away any 
swine which are or have been so diseased or exposed, or who shall move or 
drive any swine in violation of any direction, rule, regulation or order es- 
tablishing and regulating quarantine, shall be deemed guilty of a misde- 
meanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in any sum not less than 
one hundred nor more than five hundred dollars for each of such diseased 
or exposed swine which he shall permit to run at large, or keep, or sell, ship, 
drive, trade or give away in violation of the provisions of this act. 

Sec. 5. On and after the first day of September, 1886, it shall be the duty 
of the sanitary commission to destroy, without delay, all swine found within 
the state which are affected with, or which have been exposed to, what is 
known as hog cholera, and to enforce such measures of disinfection and 



Second Annual Report. 27 

quarantine as shall effectually prevent the spread of the disease; and no 
owner or owners of swine killed under the provisions of this act shall be en- 
titled to compensation therefor. 

GLANDERS AND FARCY. 

Glanders and farcy are but two forms of one disease, and the term glan- 
ders should cover both. This disease is contagious, causes heavy losses to 
the State, and can and should be largely suppressed and prevented. The 
fact that glanders can be communicated to man, and is always fatal, makes 
it more to be dreaded than some of the other maladies. It is, in fact, one 
of the most malignant, insidious and loathsome of all the diseases known 
to medical literature. At least four human beings are reported to have died 
with it in the State during the year. 

How many cases of the disease are covered by the reports which I have re- 
ceived, I am not able to state, for a majority of correspondents announce that 
they have several cases of glanders, or that glanders exists in the neighbor- 
hood ; the remainder of the correspondents, however, have been more specific, 
and have reported 536 cases. These cases are distributed over 70 coun- 
ties. The number of animals having died from the disease, as reported by 
the sheriffs of the various 27 counties heard from, is 218 ; as reported from 
40 counties, by other parties, 421 ; 38 of the 70 infected counties reported 
that on December 1, 1885, they knew of 312 cases within the said counties. 

The other duties of the office have prevented me from devoting any con- 
siderable time to the inspection of suspected cases of this disease. I have 
found, however, during the year, 51 cases of glanders or farcy, of which 16 
were killed by their owners, 3 by order of your Board on consent of the 
owners, while 6 have been inspected since the last meeting of your Board, 
two of which the owner desires shall be killed by your order. 

The inability of the State Veterinarian to inspect without delay, or even 
to inspect at all, the many cases of this disease reported, has given rise, very 
justly, as it seems to me, to many complaints at the unjust workings of the 
law, and at the same time has imposed very serious burdens on many inno- 
cent owners of suspected animals. As the law requires, most cases of glan- 
ders are reported to the sheriff of the county wherein they exist, and by him 
are placed in quarantine. Since a considerable number of the cases reported 
prove to be something other than glanders, it would seem that some means 
should be provided whereby an inspection of reported cases might be made 
without delay. To lock up, by authority of law, the only team a farmer 
owns, without giving him in return the early inspection services to which he 
is entitled, is not right. Furthermore, it is one of the greatest incentives in 
preventing the report of many case3 of the disease. 

In attempting to suppress this dangerous disease, several serious obstacles 
are encountered. The simple fact that it is so insidious in its nature, makes 
it one of the most difficult to deal with. The first obstacle met is the very 
•uncertain period of incubation. How short this period may be is not posi- 



28 STATE VETEBINABIAN. 

tively known, although experimental inoculation shows it to range from 
three to twenty days. But where exposure takes place in the usual manner 
— by contact of the healthy with the diseased animal — the period of incu- 
bation has been observed to cover more than twelve months. As a rule, how- 
ever, if no sign of the disease is discoverable, on expert examination, at the 
end of three months after exposure has happened, it may reasonably be ex- 
pected that infection has not occurred. Another obstacle which presents 
itself is the very mild development of symptoms so often met with in this 
State, due no doubt to the dryness of our atmosphere. It is by no means 
exceptional to find an animal which has been infected with glanders for 
months, showing but a little discharge from the nostrils, and this only at 
intervals, with no enlargement of the submaxillary glands, and with all of 
the apparent symptoms of good health. Such cases prove to be the most 
dangerous, for the reason that they give no sign by which the public may 
be warned of their true condition, and as a consequence they mingle with 
our healthy animals with impunity. Finally, the majority of horse-ow T ners 
seem to be impressed with the idea that they were born with a full knowledge 
of the horse and all of his ailments. It is useless to tell such individuals 
that a glandered animal often lives five or six years, maintaining during the 
time fair flesh, a sleek coat, and the ability to perform hard labor. It is 
equally useless to tell them that the farcy bud, the glanders nodule and the 
glanders ulcer, found in the mucous membrane of the nose, are specific in- 
dications of the disease about which no mistake can be made, for these 
things do not comport with their preconceived idea of what glanders ought 
to be, and consequently they do not believe that these evidences constitute 
sufficient grounds on which to base a diagnosis. That this statement is in 
no way exaggerated, will be seen from the following facts: On June 12th, 
1884, I condemned two horses for glanders, in one of the central counties of 
this State. On the 16th of June your Board ordered the sheriff of the 
county to kill them. The day before this order was to be executed, the 
horses were stolen. As has been since learned, one of these animals was 
placed under treatment by a farrier in an adjoining county, and recovered (?) 
so that in January, 1885, he was sold to a farmer who owned twelve head of 
horses and colts, all of which, excepting one, were killed by this disease be- 
fore the first day of October, 1885. The one still living is believed to be 
infected ; the one causing all this loss has again been ordered killed, not- 
withstanding he was in good flesh, and showed no signs of the disease except 
a slight enlargement of one gland, an occasional discharge from the nose, 
and a few glanders nodules. And yet, in the face of all the evidence going 
to show this animal to be glandered, it is said by the local farrier, and be- 
lieved by many, that he only has "bastard catarrh," if any one knows what 
that is. 

But however diverse may be the opinions entertained by the laity, as to 
what constitutes glanders, the fact should be patent to all who give the 



Second annual Repobt. 29 

matter thought, that a disease which is incurable, and which is becoming 
more widespread and prevalent each year, causing not only the loss of many 
of our most valued animals, but human lives also, is one worthy of the in- 
tervention of the State in the matter of its suppression. At this time I beg 
to quote an editorial article (in part) from Prof. Liantard, editor of the 
American Veterinary Review, January number, 1886, p. 339: "Glanders we 
have, and plenty of it. It exists in nearly every city, county and State of 
the Union. Hydrophobia, if Pasteur's method is what we believe it to be, 
is now curable, and can be prevented. But what do we know of glanders, 
that kills the poor working-horse as well as the millionaire's trotter; that, 
though it progresses slowly and insidiously, nevertheless always kills ; that 
disguises itself with all the appearances of perfect and robust health, while 
still infecting and killing wherever it can inoculate ; and that is communi- 
cable to mankind, and always fatal, after a long and most loathsome sickness? 
Diseases of animals contagious to man must come under the 
cognizance of veterinary sanitary medicine. They belong to that domain, 
and sooner or later the duty [of suppression] will, upon the imperative de- 
mand of the people, impose itself upon our government." 

Glanders does not originate spontaneously, hence it can be killed out and 
prevented. All civilized countries believe in the necessity for its extermi- 
nation. All armies appreciate fully how soon it can destroy the efficiency 
of their cavalry and transport service. Even in our own army, all cases of 
glanders and farcy are destroyed as soon as discovered. The same measures 
should be enforced in this State. 

That our general law on the subject of contagious diseases permits of the 
destruction of glandered animals is true, but that little can be accomplished 
in the way of exterminating the disease at present is due to the following 
circumstances : There are so many suspected cases reported that the State 
Veterinarian cannot inspect them all; there is no authority for the employ- 
ment of assistants; the expense attending the destruction of a glandered 
animal, without the consent of the owner, often costs the State more than a 
healthy animal is worth; destroying glandered animals for the benefit of a 
community, without compensating the owner for at least a part of his losses, 
does not meet the approval of a majority of the people of most communi- 
ties; a majority of the owners of glandered animals would rather trade them 
away, or sell them at any price, than permit of their destruction by the 
State, under the law as it now stands ; many condemned animals are stolen (?) 
and taken to other counties, where they establish new centers of infection ; 
and, lastly, there is an unrestricted traffic in animals affected with this dis- 
ease, between this and other States. 

These difficulties, I believe, could be overcome by the passage of an act 
containing provisions similar to those to be found in the bill which your 
Board recommended in your last report. I therefore would urgently request 
your Board to recommend such changes in the laws as were contemplated in 
the bill referred to. 



SO State vetebinabian. 

TEXAS FEVER. 

The protection afforded our State against this disease, by the law passed 
at the last session of the Legislature, and approved March 7, 1885, has been 
more complete than was anticipated by even the most zealous advocates of 
the measure. 

That this law is eminently practical, may no doubt be claimed on the re- 
sults effected by its operation during the year just closed. In so far as is 
known, not a single case of the disease has appeared within the State during 
1885, except where exposure took place before the animals entered the State 
or while they were grazing in the Indian Territory. The losses sustained 
comprise the death of 126 animals, valued at $3,410. I have inspected sev- 
eral herds of cattle passing through the State, which were reported to be 
dangerous, but in every instance they were shown to be healthy cattle, and 
from the territory excepted from the more stringent provisions of the quar- 
antine law. That no cattle capable of transmitting this fever were driven 
into or through the State, except on the Colorado border, perhaps, I think 
may be presumed from the fact that the disease has not made its appearance 
in that portion of the State where through cattle were driven. 

BLACK-LEG. 
This disease does not appear to have been so prevalent during the year as 
in some other years. Of the few communications received regarding the 
malady, all have asked for preventive treatment, with one exception, in 
which an investigation was requested. Twenty-four counties reported the 
loss of 1,782 animals from this cause. 

TUBERCULOSIS. 
As our herds of thoroughbred cattle increase in number, lung consump- 
tion of cattle becomes more common, for but few cases are seen in native 
animals. I have seen quite a number of cases during the year, seven of 
which I destroyed, and held post-mortem examinations upon their carcasses. 
Since the disease may be transmitted from animal to animal, and to man, 
the question of preventing the use of the milk and flesh of animals so dis- 
eased is one in which the entire public is interested. For the purpose of 
disseminating information on the subject, I submit the following account of 
the disease: 

CAUSES. 

Tuberculosis is hereditary, and this constitutional taint is seen in several 
of the families of some of our most noted breeds. The female of the bovine 
species is more predisposed to the disease than the male. Animals with 
slender bodies, narrow chests and long legs seem most liable to develop the 
disease. Faulty hygienic conditions render the subjects more susceptible to 
infection, for the disease is most common in towns and cities where large 
numbers of animals are kept in dark, damp, filthy stables, with poor venti- 
lation, little exercise, and food illy adapted to maintain vigorous health. 



Second annual report. 31 

Cows kept for dairy purposes under these circumstances, and particularly 
the heaviest milkers in a herd, are the ones most likely to become affected. 
Young animals are more susceptible of infection than matured ones, and 
sooner succumb to the disease. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Tuberculosis generally runs a chronic course, with symptoms not well de- 
fined in the milder cases. In fact the disease is so insidious in its character 
that in the earlier stages it is often impossible to detect it at all, so that it 
may exist for months before being even suspected. The first signs noted are 
a loss of activity and energy, with general dullness and indifference. The 
sensibility of the skin is increased, particularly over the withers, back and 
loins, where, if pinched, the animal will shrink in an unusual manner. The 
sexual organs are also excited, causing the female to come in heat at fre- 
quent and irregular periods. These animals do not readily breed, and rarely 
carry their young to maturity, usually aborting during the early months of 
pregnancy. They will fatten, however, in this early stage of the disease, or 
give as much milk as if in perfect health ; but the milk is poor in quality, 
thin, watery, and of a bluish tint. Very soon the mucous membrane of the 
bronchial tubes becomes irritable, and the animal coughs when going from 
a cold to a warm or from a warm to a cold atmosphere, and on pressure of 
the windpipe, or from unusual exertion. The space between the ribs is more 
tender from pressure than normal, while an examination of the lungs may 
show that certain parts are dull on percussion, and that the air does not enter 
the affected parts as in health, but with a harsh, rasping, or blowing sound. 
The parotid gland, found at the throat beneath the ear, often enlarges ; the 
head is carried low and the nose extended, the heart-beat is increased in 
frequency, the breathing is more rapid than natural, and the patient at times 
shows a little fever. 

As the disease progresses all these symptoms become more marked, the 
flesh disappears, the eyes become unusually bright and sunken, the nose is 
carried close to the ground, hurried exercise causes a free discharge of saliva 
and labored, gasping breathing, often with open mouth, the gait is weak, 
the appetite poor, the bowels are constipated or else affected with diarrhoea, 
the skin becomes harsh and dry, adhering to the ribs, while the fever in. 
creases, the milk supply rapidly disappears, rheumatic lamenesses come on, 
and the lung changes can easily be detected. 

In the last stages all of these symptoms are aggravated to the highest de- 
gree, the body is reduced to a skeleton, breathing is short, rapid, and ac- 
companied by a moan, the mouth is open, the tongue is protruded, the back 
arched, the cough frequent and painful, the extremities are cold, a foetid 
diarrhoea sets in, and the patient dies. 

MORTALITY. 

All cases of this disease cause death unless the patient is destroyed for 
other reasons. In many cases the disease may run a course of a year or 



32 State vetebinabian. 

more under good hygienic surroundings. Occasionally a case seems to re- 
cover for a time, but the improvement is not of long duration, for slight 
causes bring on a renewed attack, which rapidly proves fatal. 

TREATMENT. 

All measures which will tend to prevent the development of the disease 
should of course be adopted. The first and most important of these is to 
guard against breeding from animals that are infected or that came of in- 
fected parents. Too close inbreeding certainly predisposes to this disease 
by impairing the functional powers of the progeny, and is sure to transmit 
the taint with disastrous consequences if once developed in the family. Of 
course proper food, water, exercise and stabling are important adjuncts by 
no means to be overlooked. 

Since the disease is transmitted by cohabitation, no animal even suspected 
of having become infected should be permitted to come in contact with the 
healthy. Neither the milk nor flesh of affected animals should be used for 
food. Whenever the disease can be made out beyond question, the patient 
should at once be destroyed and burned or buried, and all the necessary 
measures for effective disinfection adopted. 

THE LUNG-WOEM. 

In certain portions of the State, the lung-worm has caused considerable 
trouble among the calves, sheep and pigs. A short history of this parasite 
is given in connection with the report on hog cholera. 

The symptoms caused by the presence of this worm in the lungs are very 
generally known, but how to get rid of them is not so well understood. 
The fact that pastures become infected with, and are hard to rid of these 
worms, makes the treatment of the disease more difficult than it would other- 
wise prove. In fact, no treatment of the affected animal will prove of last- 
ing benefit while he is kept on infected pastures. Where new and uninfected 
pastures can be used, the following treatment may be adopted : Place the 
affected animals in a small, close shed or stable, and compel them to inhale 
sulphurous acid gas, made by dropping pinch by pinch of sulphur on some 
hot coals or burning paper. The shed should be well filled with the gas for 
a period of from fifteen to thirty minutes. The person burning the sulphur 
should remain in the shed during the treatment, so that no harm may result 
from the evolution of an excessive quantity of the gas. When animals be- 
ing treated cough freely, or fall to the ground, fresh air should be admitted. 
This treatment should be repeated once a week until coughing among the 
herd ceases. Usually two or three doses of the gas prove sufficient. If any 
of the sick have become thin, weak and poor, they should receive small doses 
of some of the milder tonics, such as gentian, ginger, and iron. Where it 
can be administered readily, small doses of turpentine may be given in gruel 
every day or two until the worms disappear. Infected pastures should not 
be used for a period of six months after the removal of diseased animals 
therefrom. 



Second annual Re poet. 



33 



TAPE WORMS IX SHEEP. 

In a few of the sheep-grazing districts of the State, tape worm has become 
so common that young sheep are carried through the winter with great dif- 
ficulty. During the early months of the year just ended, several hundred 
deaths from this cause were reported. When pastures and pools of water 
become infected with this parasite, ( Tcenia- expansa) the profits of sheep rais- 
ing are largely destroyed. The presence of the disease may be determined 
by a close examination of the stools of young sheep affected with diarrhoea, 
in which sections of the worms may be found, or by an examination made 
upon the body of the dead. These worms vary in length from an inch or 
two to several feet, according to age. 

Treatment consists in the administration of small doses of turpentine in 
gruel, tonics of gentian, ginger and iron, and good food with warm shelter. 
Infected pastures should be abandoned for a time. 



SUMMARY OF REPORT. 



Counties. 



Allen 

Anderson 

Atchison 

Berber 

Barton 

Bourbon 

Brown 

Butler 

Chase 

Chautauqua... 

Cherokee 

Clay 

Cloud 

Coffey 

Cowley 

Crawford 

Davis 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Doniphan 

Douglas 

Edwards 

Elk 

Ellis 

Ellsworth 

Finney 

Franklin 

Graham 

Greenwood.... 

Hamilton 

Harper 

Harvey 

Hodgeman 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Jewell 

Johnson 

Kingman 

Labette 

Leavenworth. 

Lincoln , 

Lyon 

Marion 

Marshall , 



17 
7 
2 

12 
9 



9 
6 
4 
8 
7 
4 
7 
9 
8 
1 
3 
2 
19 
3 
4 
1 
5 
6 
2 
6 
1 
3 
5 
3 
8 
1 
4 
8 

12 
14 



Q 


o 


b 


b 


a <s 1 ^ s 


-rit <r§-i 


3 S 3 
SI,.? 5 






2 > p 1 








S-^> 


? ^ ■--. 


?- a '3> 


licat 
on 


^ 


^5 V 

9| 1 


2^i 

2 S 


: S' 


A 


: cites 


c?^ 






: a, a 


a. a 




=i 


: s 
i 


s 
i 



10* 

18* 

6* 



14* 
3 
3* 
9* 
6* 
4 

14 
1 

1* 
2 

21* 

11* 
3* 
6* 
7* 

3* 

4* 

3* 

17* 



12* 
3 

4* 
1 
2 

2 | 
4* 
4* 
1 
6* 

1 
3* : 



4* ! 
9 



4* 
5* 
5* 
22 



16 
30 



14 

i 



L_ 0> H 

b§ x 

^ ~ £ 
' a<2 

k," 2" 

co 3 

qo a, 



8 

10 



3 

14 

6 



$2,000 
5,000 



1,000 

33,000 

250,000 

35,000 

3,000 



2,000 

13,000 

2,500 



2,000 



250,000 
25,000 



25,000 



4 
20 



3 
12 

17 



2 
11 
10 



15,000 
100,000 



« 5 









s 






40 



100 
10 



80 



100 

"ib" 



100 
19 



50,000 i 5 

*i jboo" | ii 

"200"" "ib" 



50 
500 



100 



84 



STATE VETERINABIAN. 



SUMMARY OF REPORT— Concluded. 



Counties. 


a 2 =$ 
« 

s 


i 
OS 
Co 


Deaths from glan- 
ders, reported 


Deaths from glan- 
ders, reported 


Cases on hand, 
December 31, 
1SR5 


I* 

O 

o 


Losses from black- 
leg, number of... 


Losses from Texas 
fever, number of, 


McPherson ." 


14 
4 
2 .... 


11* 

6* 


4 










Miami 








Mitchell 


10 
9 
3 
1 




15 

10 

2 


$35,000 
5,000 


150 




Montgomery 


13 
5 
5 
3 

8 

1 

8 

5 

5 

5 

6 

3 

4 

7 

5 
11 

3 

6 

3 
16 

8 

6 

5 

7 

1 

1 

8 ! 

9 1 
3 i 


17* 

6 

4* 

2 

5 

1 
11* 

8* 

6* 

6* 
10* 

6* 

6* 

7* 

7* 
11* 

3* 

5 

2* 
26 

7 
22* 

6* 
37* 

1 

2 
16* 
12* 

4 




27 
2 




Morris 




V 


Nemaha 


100,000 


50 
10 




Neosho 








Ness 


7 


8 ; 


3 







Norton 








Osage 




4 


6 




4,000 














Ottawa 


1 

1 
10 




4 
6 
1 








Pawnee 


1 

1 

1 .. 




40 
200 




Phillips 






Pottawatomie 






Pratt 


4 .. 


4 









Reno 


35 


7 


60,000 

20,000 

125 






Republic 




200 




Rice 


3 


2* 


5 




Riley 






Rush 


5 


2 .. 










Saline 


12 
180 


14 
50 


12C . 
280,000 
5,000 


13 




Sedgwick 


40 




Shawnee 






Smith 




7 .. 








Stafford 






3 

8 








Sumner 




20 ! 


50,000 






Trego 








Wabaunsee 








5,000 
1,800 






Washington 


10 


2 
5 


50 


40 


19 


Wilson 




Woodson 




2 ... 










Wyandotte 













7* 








i 










Total 


454 j 


536 


218 ! 

! 


421 


312 


$1,5(H> B9K 


1,798 


126 






' — 





* In many reports no specific number of cases was named, hence this column does not show all the 
cases reported. 



Topeka, Kansas, December 31, 1885. 



A. A. HOLCOMBE, 

State Veterinary Surgeon. 



THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 



OF THE 



LITE-STOCK SANITARY COMMISSI 



AND 



STATE VETERINARIAN 



OF THE 



STATE OF KANSAS. 



PUBLISHED BY THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



TOPEKA: 

KANSAS PUBLISHING HOUSE*. T. D. THAOHEB, STATE PBINTEB. 

1887. 



THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 



OF THE 



CW\S3 



/ 



LIVE-STOCK SANITARY 




ISDN 



AND 



STATE VETERINARIAN 



OF THE 



STATE OF KANSAS. 



PUBLISHED BY THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



TOPEKA: 

KANSAS PUBLISHING HOUSE 1 . T. D. THACHEB, STATE PEINTEB. 

1887. 






MEMBERS OF THE BOARD. 



HARRISON KELLEY, Chairman, Ottmnwa. 

J. W. HAMILTON. Wellington. 

J. T. WHITE, Ada. 



A. A. HOLCOMBE, State Veterinarian and Secretary. Topeka. 

D. of D. 

JAN Z 1918 



REPORT. 



Hon. John A. Martin, Governor of the State of Kansas : 

Sir — In accordance with the provision contained in section 1 of the act 
of the Legislature of Kansas, approved March 24, 1884, for the protection 
of domestic animals, we have the honor to submit herewith our third an- 
nual report. 

The duties devolving upon our Board have necessitated the holding of 
seventeen meetings during the year — one at Sedan, one at Marion, one at 
Holton, one at Cottonwood Falls, three at Kansas City, two at Great Bend, 
and the remainder at Topeka. 

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOARD. 

TWENTY-FIFTH MEETING OF THE BOARD. 

Topeka, Kas., Jan. 30, 1886. 

The twenty-fifth meeting of the Board was held in the office of the State Veteri- 
narian, Topeka, Kas., Jan. 30, 1886. 

Board convened at 11 a. m. Present: Messrs. Kelley, Hamilton, and the Secre- 
tary. Absent: J. T. White. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. 

The State Veterinarian reported two cases of glanders belonging to A. J. Alexan- 
der, Larned; one case of glanders belonging to C. J. Vorckler, Larned; and two 
cases of glanders owned by D. S. Wisehart, of Hamilton county, with recommenda- 
tion that they be killed as required by law. 

The Secretary reported that Mr. Wisehart had waived his right to a hearing of 
his case, and desired the Board to have the horses in question killed. On motion of 
Mr. Hamilton, the Secretary was directed to issue the order of the Board to the 
Sheriff of Finney county, commanding him to kill and bury the animals reported 
by the State Veterinarian as glandered, and owned by D. S. Wisehart, in the county 
of Hamilton, State of Kansas. 

Communications from Messrs. Alexander, Vorckler, Cline, Foe and DeMoss, all of 
Larned, were read, in which requests were made that a hearing by the Board should 
be granted Messrs. Alexander and Vorckler before their horses were ordered killed. 

On motion of the Chairman, the Secretary was directed to inform D. E. Benedict, 
Great Bend, that the Board would reinspect such of his animals as were still in v,^ 
quarantine, at 9 a. m. on Feb. 5th, 1886; and to give notice of hearing to C. A.Alex- 
ander and C. J. Vorckler, of Larned, that their cases would be called at 1 p. m. of the 
same date. 

The accounts of E. R. Allen, Inspector at Kansas City, in the sums of $1.90, inci- 
dental expenses for the month of December, 1885, and $ 1.80, incidental expenses for 



Go 

bo 



LIVE-STOCK SANITARY COMMISSION. 



January, 1886, were approved, and ordered paid from moneys in the hands of the 
Secretary. 

The accounts of D. E. Benedict, Great Bend, in the sums of $40 for salary in 
caring for quarantined animals during the month ending December 13th, 1885, and 
month ending January 13th, 1886, were approved, and referred to the Attorney Gen- 
eral, recommending approval. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the Board adjourned to meet at Great Bend on Feb. 
5th, at 9 a. m. 

Approved: Feb. 9, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Habbison Kelley, Chairman. 



TWENTY-SIXTH MEETING. 

Geeat Bend, Kas., February 9, 1886. 
The twenty-sixth meeting of the Board was held at the Typer House, Great Bend, 
Kas., at 8 a.m., on February 9, 1886. Members present: Messrs. Kelley, White, and 
the Secretary. Absent: J. W. Hamilton. The reading of the minutes of the pre- 
vious meeting were laid over for the session to be held in Larned. The Secretary 
reported that the date of meetings at Great Bend and Larned had been changed, at 
the request of the Chairman, from February 5, to February 9, and that all interested 
parties had been given due notice. Mr. Benedict being present, the Board took a 
recess for the purpose of inspecting his quarantined horses, after which they pro- 
ceeded to Larned. 

Labned, Kas., February 9, 1886. 

The Board, after inspecting the animals reported by the State Veterinarian as 
being glandered, met in special session at the Larned House, at 2 p. m. Members 
present: Messrs. Kelley, Hamilton, White, and the Secretary. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. Hearing of the 
case of C. A. Alexander was now called, and the Secretary read the report and affi- 
davit of the State Veterinarian, citing that one bay mare and one bay gelding, both 
the property of C. A. Alexander, were glandered, and recommending that they be 
killed. 

C. A. Alexandeb, being first sworn, testified that: I had purchased the horses in 
question some time before they were condemned. They were then recovering from 
an attack of distemper. Told the parties from whom I made the purchase not to 
deliver them until they were well. I believe the State Veterinarian is mistaken when 
he says they are glandered. I believe science is often mistaken. I do not want the 
horses killed, but want them kept until I am satisfied that they are glandered as 
charged, or until they are entirely well. I think the State should bear the expense 
of keeping them until I am satisfied. If it will not do so I will bear the expense 
myself. I will keep them under such reasonable quarantine regulations as the Board 
may impose. I will never believe they are glandered if they are killed now. 

John Moebis, being first sworn, said: The State Veterinarian condemned two 
horses for me in Stafford county, in 1884, as being glandered. One of the con- 
demned horses has since died, but the other, in my opinion, is well. Think the 
State Veterinarian was mistaken when he said those horses were glandered. I think 
so for the reason that he did not condemn other horses in the neighborhood, from 
which I think mine were infected with some disease. Have not seen the horses for 
some time. Do not know what glanders is. Never saw a case. The horse that died 
may have had the glanders, but I think he died of old age. The other horse may 
have the glanders, but I don't think he has. 

De. Rhea said: I know nothing of the Morris horses, except from report. I have 



thibd Annual Bepobt. 



heard that one died. Do not know the cause of death. He may have died of glan- 
ders. I was present when the State Veterinarian examined the horses, in August, 
1884. I supposed then that they were glandered. Have never examined them since. 
I do not know what the glanders is. The Morris horse still living may be glandered. 

Db. Geegg, being first sworn, said: The horses owned by Colonel Alexander and 
Mr. Vorckler, which have been condemned by the State Veterinarian, are not glan- 
dered — they have catarrh only. They are curable. I am a graduate in veterinary 
medicine; graduated from Cornell University in 1886; have lost my diploma; think 
it was burned up; don't know anyone who graduted in the same class. 

Db. Blake, being first sworn, said: I am a veterinary surgeon; am not a graduate; 
have been in practice many years; think the horses condemned by the State Veter- 
inarian are not affected with glanders. I have seen the horses owned by D. E. 
Benedict, at Great Bend, which the State Veterinarian pronounced glandered. I 
said they were not glandered. If a horse showed well-defined nodules or ulcers on 
the mucous membrane of the nostrils, I would say he had the glanders. Have not 
been able to detect such lesions in Mr. Alexander's horses. 

The State Veterinarian, A. A. Holcombe, being sworn, said: Colonel Alexander's 
horses are glandered. The disease is in the mild and chronic form. It may require 
months or even years to develop sufficiently to satisfy all parties who take an inter- 
est in the matter. I believe these horses might be kept with safety in close quaran- 
tine until the owner is satisfied that they are glandered, as charged; believe Colonel 
Alexander's wishes in the matter should receive due consideration, and that these 
horses should be kept until the disease is fully developed. To destroy them, in the 
face of so much opposition, would seem to the public like an effort to cover an error 
of diagnosis by wiping out the evidence. The public should know that the only ob • 
ject sought in enforcing the sanitary laws of the State is the protection of all and 
the injury of none. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the hearing in the case was closed. 

The case of C. J. Vorckler was next called. The Secretary read the report and 
affidavit of the State Veterinarian, citing that one brown gelding, twenty years old, 
the property of C. J. Vorckler, was diseased with glanders, and recommending the 
same be killed according to law. 

Mr. Vorckler beings present, said he had no defense to make, except that he did 
not want his horse killed unless he was paid for him. 

The case being closed, Mr. Hamilton moved that the order of the Board be is- 
sued to the Sheriff of Pawnee county, commanding him to kill and bury one brown 
gelding, 20 years old, marked with a cross (-)-) on the right hip, the said horse being 
glandered and the property of C. J. Vorckler, of Larned, Kas. The motion was car- 
ried, all members of the Board voting aye. It was moved by Mr. Hamilton and car- 
ried, all members voting aye, that C. A. Alexander be permitted to hold his horses 
at his own risk and expense, in close quarantine under the supervision of the Sher- 
iff of Pawnee county, outside of the corporate limits of the city of Larned, until 
further orders from the Board. 

D. E. Benedict having acknowledged to the Board that his quarantined horses 
were infected with glanders, and having consented to the killing of said horses, Mr. 
White moved that the order of the Board issue to the Sheriff of Barton county, com- 
manding him to kill and bury without delay one bay filly, two years old; one sorrel 
stallion and one gray gelding, all marked with a cross (-(-) on the right hip, and all 
the property of D. E. Benedict, Great Bend, Kas. The motion carried, all members 
of the Board voting aye. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned. 

Approved: March 31, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Habbison Kellet, Chairman. 



LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 



TWENTY-SEVENTH MEETING. 

Topeka, Kansas, March 31, 1886. 

The twenty-seventh meeting of the Board was held in the office of the State Vet- 
erinarian, Topeka, Kas., on March 31, 1886. Board convened at 10 a.m. Members 
present: Messrs. Kelley, Hamilton, White, and the Secretary. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. 

The secretary reported that on February 19, 1886, he had issued an order to the 
Sheriff of Ford county, commanding him to kill and bury one glandered horse, owned 
by W. L. Charrington, of Dodge City; also an order to the Sheriff of Atchison county, 
commanding him to kill two horses and one mule, owned by O. F. Bostwick, of Atchi- 
son; and an order to the Sheriff of Lyon county, commanding him to kill one brown 
mare, the property of Dr. W. P. Parr, of Emporia. All these animals were glandered, 
and the owners had consented to their killing. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the action of the Secretary in issuing the above or- 
ders in the name of the Board, was approved, and the orders confirmed. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Secretary was instructed to keep a record of the 
estimated value of all animals ordered killed for glanders, the estimate to be based 
on the working value of the animal at the time of condemnation. 

Communications from the Governor were read, transmitting letters from the 
Governors of Kentucky and Tennessee, in which requests were made that the Kansas 
quarantine against cattle from those two States, on account of contagious pleuro- 
pneumonia of cattle, should be raised, inasmuch as the disease had been eradicated. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the Secretary was directed to recommend to the Gov- 
ernor, on the part of the Board, that the quarantine against the States of Kentucky 
and Tennessee be raised. 

The following accounts were allowed, and transmitted to the Attorney General 
with request that they be approved: 

D. D. Dougherty, Sheriff Bourbon county, killing glandered horses $15 45 

horse 5 00 

horses 10 00 

" 15 00 

" 15 00 

horse 5 00 



G. W. Johnson, Ottawa county, 
J. H. Ritchie, Montgomery county, 
H. T. Hooper, " " 

F. E. Coolidge, 
Isaac Bast, " " 

J„ T. Hukill, " " killing and burying three glandered horses 15 00 

D. E. Benedict, Barton county, caring for quarantined horses for month ending Feb. 13, 1886 40 00 

E. R. Allen, inspector at Kansas City, incidental expenses for February, seventy 
cents; for March, fifty cents were allowed and ordered paid from funds in the hands 
of the Secretary. 

Account of W. L. Charrington, Ford county, for value of glandered horse killed, 
$100,. was ordered returned, with the information that the law granted no compensa- 
tion in such cases. 

Account of Charles Van Pelt, Marion, in the sum of $15 for livery, was returned, 
with the information that the account should have been rendered by the Sheriff of 
Marion county during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1885. 

The State Veterinarian reported two cases of glanders on the premises of Jerome 
Kunkel, in Jefferson county ; one owned by T. F. Lamar, Jackson county, and one 
owned by S. Brown, Pawnee county. Also, that in company with Mr. Hamilton, he 
had condemned and killed, with consent of the owners, fourteen glandered animals 
in Montgomery county; and had condemned one other, which would be killed by the 
Sheriff of that county. 

The Secretary having reported that the calls for the services of the State Veter- 
inarian to inspect animals supposed to be glandered were more numerous than could 



THIRD ANNUAL REPOBT. 



be answered, it was moved by Mr. White, and carried, that Mr. Hamilton and the 
Secretary prepare a list of the various counties in the State, showing the order in 
which the said counties would be inspected for glanders, and to print the same for 
distribution. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the Board resolved that hereafter, whenever possible, 
one member of the Sanitary Commission shall accompany the State Veterinarian 
when inspecting animals reported to be glandered, in that they may be disposed of 
without delay. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned. 

Approved: May 15, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

J. W. Hamilton, Chairman pro tern. 



TWENTY-EIGHTH MEETING. 

Cottonwood Falls, Kas., May 14, 1886. 

The twenty-eighth meeting of the Board was held at Cottonwood Falls, Kansas, 
in the office of the Sheriff of Chase county, on May 14, 1886. Boar dconvened at 8 
a. m. Members present: Messrs. Hamilton, White, and the Secretary. 

On motion of Mr. White, Mr. Hamilton acted as temporary chairman. 

The reading of the minutes of the previous meeting was postponed to another 
hour. 

The Secretary reported that the meeting of the Board had been called by the 
Governor, who had received information that four hundred head of Texas cattle had 
been driven into Chase county in violation of the provisions of chapter 191, Laws of 
1885, and that his Excellency had expressed the desire that the Board should take 
such action as would fully protect the citizens of Chase county, if, in their opinion, 
these cattle were capable of transmitting Texas fever. 

Mr. White reported that he had, on the 13th inst., inspected the cattle in question, 
and their surroundings; that in his opinion they were Arkansas or Indian Territory 
cattle, and of the kind noted for transmitting Texas fever; that they were in an in- 
closed pasture in a neighborhood where several hundred fat steers were being pre- 
pared for the market, and that if they were from the southern part of the Indian 
Territory, as charged, they should be held in the closest quarantine until the first of 
December, as the law provides. 

J. W. Griffis, Sheriff of Chase county, reported that he had, on direction of the 
Governor, taken charge of the said cattle on the 11th inst., to await such further 
action as the Sanitary Commission might take; that they were under such quaran- 
tine regulations as would prevent other cattle from coming in contact with them, 
and that Mr. S. F. Jones was present as the agent of the owner, W. K. Terwilliger, 
of Council Grove, to represent his interests in the matter, 

Mr. Jones said that the owner of the cattle in question had inadvertently violated 
the law governing the admission of Southern cattle to the State, and that they 
would not attempt to conceal any of the facts relating thereto; that 300 head of 
the cattle were bought in the neighborhood of Caddo, Indian Territory, and shipped 
from there to Council Grove, Kas., where they arrived on or about May 1st, 1881. 
The remainder, about one hundred head, came from the same place, but were win- 
tered at Council Grove; that on or about the 10th of May they came to Chase 
county, having been driven over the public highway from Morris county; and that 
while they had no desire to shirk any of the responsibilities imposed by the situa- 
tion, the interested parties desired that the expense of the quarantine regulations 
should be made as light as possible. 



8 LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board took a recess, to meet in Topeka at 10 a. m. 
on the 15th inst. 

Topeka, Kas., May 15, 1886. 

Pursuant to the conditions of adjournment, the Board met at 10 a. m. May 15th, 
1886, in the office of the State Veterinarian, Topeka, Kas. 

Members present: Messrs. Hamilton, White, and the Secretary. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. 

On motion of Mr. White, the following order was issued to the Sheriff of Chase 
county, to wit: 

Whereas, On the 10th day of May, 1886, due and proper complaint having been made to him by citi- 
zens of the State, and by the Governor of the State of Kansas, that the hereinafter-described herd of 
cattle, within the county of Chase, State of Kansas, were believed to be capable of communicating and 
of imparting the disease known as Texas, splenic, or Spanish fever, J. W. Griffis, Sheriff of Chase 
county, Kansas, did take charge of and restrain in said county, under temporary quarantine regula- 
tions, a certain herd of cattle in said county, described as follows: Three hundred and ninety-six head 
of one, two, and three-year-old cattle, known as Cherokee, Indian, and Arkansas cattle; and 

Whereas, Said J. W. Griffis, Sheriff as aforesaid, did make immediate report of his said action in the 
premises to the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas; and 

Whereas, The said Live-Stock Sanitary Commission, after due and full investigation of the matter, 
do find that said herd of cattle was shipped from Caddo, Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory, to Council 
Grove, Morris county, Kansas, by W. E. Terwilliger, between the first day of March, 1886, and the first 
day of December, 1886, to wit, on or about the first day of May, 1886 ; that the said cattle arrived at 
Council Grove, Morris county, Kansas, from said Caddo, Indian Territory, on the first day of May, 1886, 
and were driven from Council Grove, Morris county, Kansas, to said Chase county, Kansas, on or about 
the sixth day of May, 1886; that said Caddo, Indian Territory, is a place south of the thirty-seventh 
parallel of north latitude, and south of the thirty-sixth parallel of north latitude, and east of the 
twenty-first meridian of longitude west from Washington, and south of the thirty-fourth parallel of 
north latitude ; and that said cattle have not been kept, since the first day of December, 1885, west of 
the east line of the Indian Territory and north of the thirty-sixth parallel of north latitude, nor west 
of the twenty-first meridian of longitude west from Washington and north of the thirty-fourth parallel 
of north latitude ; and 

Whereas, The Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas do further find that said 
cattle are capable of communicating and are liable to impart Texas, splenic, or Spanish fever, and that 
the same were driven into this State in violation of the provisions of chapter 191, Laws of 1885: 

Now, therefore, By virtue of the premises aforesaid, and pursuant to the provisions of section 3, 
chapter 191, Laws of 1885, we, the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas, do hereby di- 
rect and order the Sheriff of Chase county, Kansas, to take, hold, and care for in close quarantine — on 
the premises described as follows : the south half of section 25, town 22, range 7 east, all of section 36, 
town 22, range 7 east, and the north half of section 1, town 23, range 7 east — all of the 396 head of cat- 
tle hereinbefore described, until released by order of this Board. Close quarantine shall consist in 
keeping the said cattle at least four rods within the boundary fence of the above-described premises 
during the day, and in a close corral, to be erected at or near the center of said premises, during the 
night. Quarantine notices, printed on muslin, shall be posted at each and every corner of said prem- 
ises, on all gates or other entrances, and on the public highway leading through said premises at a 
distance of forty rods outside of the boundary fence. 

For the purpose of ready identification, the above-described cattle shall be branded on the hip with 
the letter " T." 

By order of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission, State of Kansas. 

Topeka, Kas., May 15th, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary, 

To J. W. Griffis, Sheriff of Chase county, Cottonwood Falls, Kansas. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned to meet in Kansas City on May 19, 
1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Approved: May 19, 1886. 

J. W. Hamilton, Chairman pro tern. 



TWENTY-NINTH MEETING. 

Kansas City, Kas., May 19, 1886. 
The twenty-ninth meeting of the Board was held in the office of the State Inspec- 
tor, Kansas City, Kas., May 19, 1886. Board convened at 11 a.m. Members present: 
Messrs. Hamilton, White, and the Secretary. Absent: Harrison Kelley. 
Minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. 



third Annual Report. 



The Secretary presented a letter from J. W. Griffis, requesting, upon the part of 
the individuals who held mortgages thereon, that 96 head of the Terwilliger cattle, 
now held in quarantine by the Board in Chase county, be not branded as directed in 
the order of the Board dated May 15, 1886, for the reason that the said 96 head of 
cattle were wintered in Kansas. 

It was moved by Mr. White, and carried, that no modification of the order to 
brand the cattle in question be now made, but that upon proper showing by the 
owner that 96 head of the said cattle were held during the past winter in Morris 
county, and their identification being satisfactorily established, the modification of 
the order asked for will be made. 

The following accounts were allowed, and referred to the Attorney General of State,, 
with request that they be approved: 

Amasa Atkinson, Barton county, killing and burying glandered horse $5 00 

J. S. Dalziel, Sheriff Barton county, killing and burying glandered horses 16 0Q 

Fred. Singer, Ford county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

F. E. Shaw, Sheriff Atchison county, killing and burying glandered horses -, 16 00 

J. G. Denman, Pawnee county, killing and burying glandered horses 15 00 

John Lutz, Jackson county, killing and burying glandered horses 10 00 

Frank Gage, Montgomery county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

H. F. Titus, Montgomery county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

John Kimmell, Crawford county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

Ernest Foi, Pawnee county, caring for animals in quarantine 25 00 

The following accounts were returned, with the information that, inasmuch as 

the services were not rendered by order of the Board, the State was not liable: 

S. Thompson, Sheriff Brown county $5 50 

N. B. Lohmuller, Sheriff Nemaha county 5 00 

J. S. Dalziel, Sheriff Barton county 67 50 

J. T. Godfrey, Sheriff Rice county 26 85 

J. W. Griffis, Sheriff Chase county 51 00 

C. A. Green, Sheriff Clay county 25 00 

E. Henderson, Sheriff Sumner county 4 00 

Conway Marshall, Sheriff Anderson county 13 75 

The account of J. L. Smith, Sheriff of Reno county, was returned, with request 
that the same be amended and itemized as required by law. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Secretary was instructed to issue a notice of hear- 
ing to T. F. Lamar, Jackson county, with information that the Board would convene 
at the Sheriff's office, in the city of Holton, on June 2, 1886, at two o'clock p. m., for 
the purpose of determining whether a gray stallion owned by the said Lamar is 
glandered as charged in the report and affidavit of the State Veterinarian dated 
March 31, 1886. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned. 

Approved: June 19, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Harbison Kelley, Chairman.^ 



THIRTIETH MEETING. 

Holton, Kas., June 2, 1886. 

The thirtieth meeting of the Board was held in the Sheriff's office, Holton, Kan- 
sas, on June 2, 1886. Members present: Messrs. Hamilton, White, and the Secretary. 
Board convened at 11 a. m. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, Mr. White was made chairman pro tern. 

The reading of the minutes of the preceding meeting was postponed. The Secre- 
tary read the report and affidavit of the State Veterinarian regarding the stallion 
owned by T. F. Lamar. Mr. Lamar said he had no evidence to present showing that 



10 LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 

his horse was not glandered as charged, except that, in so far as he knew, no animal 
had ever contracted the disease from the condemned horse. Had killed a mule that 
was about to die with the glanders some time ago. Didn't know whether the mule 
took the disease from the horse or not. The horse had been discharging from the 
nose for a long time. Had always been able to do hard work. Had covered a num- 
ber of mares last season, among others three for the Lutz brothers which had been 
■condemned as glandered. Don't believe the horse has the glanders. Don't want 
to have him killed. Want to keep him until satisfied he has glanders or until he is 
entirely well. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the Board took a recess to inspect the horse. 

After the inspection, it was moved by Mr. Hamilton, and carried, that the order 

of the Board issue to the Sheriff of Jackson county, commanding him to kill and 

bury the horse in question, inasmuch as he was affected with glanders. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the Board took a recess, to meet at Girard on the 3d 
inst. 

Gibaed, Kas., June 3, 1886. 

The Board convened on the premises of Charles Jones, Crawford county, at 
•5 p. m. Members present : Messrs. Hamilton, White, and the Secretary. The State 
Veterinarian reported a case of glanders owned by Mr. Jones. No objection being 
offered by the owner, the animal was shot and buried. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the Board took a recess, to meet at Beulah, on the 
4th inst. 

Beulah, Kas., June 4, 1886. 

The Board met at 9 a. m., on the premises of George Kelly. The Secretary read 
the report and affidavit of the State Veterinarian, charging that a brown mare, the 
property of Mr. Kelly, was glandered. The Board having inspected the animal and 
pronounced her glandered, the owner withdrew his objections, and she was killed and 
buried. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton the Board adjourned. 
Approved : June 19, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Haeeison Kelley, Chairman. 



THIRTY-FIRST MEETING. 

Maeion, Kas., June. 18, 1886. 

The thirty-first meeting of the Board was held in the City Hotel, Marion, Kas., 
■on June 18, 1886. 

The Board convened at 10:45. Members present : Messrs. Kelly, White, and the 
Secretary. Absent : J. W. Hamilton. 

Reading of the minutes of the preceding meetings was postponed to another 
hour. 

The State Veterinarian reported that on June 7th he had received a letter from 
the Governor, directing that the animals on the premises of Joseph Fike, in Marion 
county, be inspected without delay, inasmuch as it had been reported on good 
authority that some of said animals were glandered; that in compliance with that 
request, the animals in question had been inspected, five of which were found glan- 
dered. 

The Secretary said he had issued notices of hearing to the owners of the con- 
demned horses, Messrs. Pike, McCray, and Dougherty, and that the date of said 
hearing was set for June 18, 1886, and the place the City Hotel, in the city of 
Marion. 

The report of the State Veterinarian was then read, citing that one bay gelding, 



thibd Annual eepobt. 11 

one gray gelding, and one gray mare, all the property of Jos. Fike, were glandered, 
and recommending that they be killed, according to law. 

Mr. Fike, being first sworn, said: I believe the bay gelding and the gray gelding 
are not now affected with glanders as charged by the State Veterinarian. The gray 
at one time belonged to Jacob Smith, of Lincolnville. He was brought to my place 
one night nearly two years ago. He had a cross on his hip, and I was told he had 
been condemned by the State Veterinarian as glandered. I put him under treat- 
ment and cured him — all but the scars in the nose. The bay horse came from Mr. 
King, at Marion. He was placed under my treatment, and is now cured. The scars 
in the nose do not amount to anything — they are only the signs remaining showing 
that the animal has had the disease. Can cure most cases of glanders if I have them 
in time. The Smith horse had the glanders, but is now cured. Can't cure all cases. 
Some cases are what I call fatal. Can't cure them. I have killed and buried the 
gray mare owned by me, and the bay gelding owned by Dougherty. My gray mare 
took the disease from being inoculated. I inoculated her last November with matter 
from the nose of a horse owned by Mr. King. I couldn't cure her, because she had 
the fatal form of glanders. The horse I inoculated her from, came from Johnson, 
in Morris county. He was brought to my place one night about two years ago. He 
had a cross on his hip. I was told he had been condemned for glanders by the State 
Veterinarian. Don't know who brought him to my place. Am told the State Veter- 
inarian inoculated him last November. Think that gave him the glanders. Didn't 
know he had been inoculated when I experimented on my mare. Dr. Holcombe is 
responsible for my mare's death. I inoculated her to show that the State Veterina- 
rian was mistaken, and that the King horse did not have the glanders. King lost ten 
or eleven horses during 1885. Don't know whether they had glanders or not. The 
symptoms looked like glanders. I cured the Morris county horse before he went to 
King's. He was not contagious while under my treatment. Gleet runs into glan- 
ders. Can't tell exactly when the change takes place — may be gleet this week and 
glanders next. Gleet is contagious, and can't always be cured. No glandered horse 
should be killed except the fatal cases. I tell the fatal cases by putting them under 
experiment. If they don't get better by the time the experiment runs out, they are 
fatal. Am not a graduate in medicine, but have practiced 28 years. I doctor people 
sometimes. Have had the glanders myself. Cured it with my treatment for the 
disease. 

J. H. Nienstedt, B. A. Pumpelly, M. F. Shupe, Jacob Book, E. E. Mastin, J. B. 
Shields, D. B. McNicol, A, L. Waterman, Daniel Merilatt, and J. T. Mowers were 
called as witnesses by Mr. Fike. They all testified in substance, that they were 
neighbors of Mr. Fike, and believed that he could cure the glanders. That, they were 
opposed to having his horses killed, and were willing to take the chance of having 
their horses infected from horses which Mr. Fike should say were not dangerous. 

At the request of Mr. Fike, A. A. Holcombe was sworn, and said: I condemned 
two horses in Morris county, in June, 1884, as glandered. They were ordered killed. 
The Sheriff of Morris county reported in July of that year that the condemned 
horses had been stolen. I saw one of these horses in November, 1885, on Mr. King's 
place, near Marion. I again condemned him. He was afterward killed by order of 
your Board. Before he was killed I inoculated him with matter from his own nose. 
I did so to see if self-inoculation with glanders virus would produce a farcy bud. I 
used a pocket-knife, sharpened on a stone at that time, to perform the operation. 
The matter was inserted under the skin, on the breast. I am informed by Mr. King 
that the inoculation produced no result whatever. The gray mare which Mr. Fike 
inoculated from this horse had fully developed the disease at the time I condemned 
her on June 8th. Had she not been killed she would have shortly died of glanders. 



12 LIVE-STOCK SAJSTITABY COMMISSION. 

I think the eleven horses which Mr. King lost during 1885 were glandered from the 
Morris-county horse, which Mr. Fike claims he cured. The bay gelding which went 
from King's to Fike's undoubtedly is glandered. There are eight horses besides the 
five condemned ones on Mr. Fike's place, which present suspicious signs of glanders, 
and I have placed them in quarantine for further developments. In one small shed 
there is a gray stallion and a bay pony standing in close contact with each other. 
Mr. Fike says the pony is one of his fatal cases of glanders, but that, under his treat- 
ment, the stallion is in no danger of becoming infected. These two horses belong 
to different owners. They are at Fike's place for treatment. I do not know that 
either one is glandered; but I am sure that the defendant's practice of mingling 
glandered animals with others is most dangerous. 

On motion of Mr. White, the hearing in this case was closed, and the case of Mr. 
McCray was called. No one responding, the report and affidavit of the State Veter- 
inarian was read, and the case closed. 

The Dougherty horse having been killed, the case was dismissed. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned to meet at Earned, on the 19th inst. 

Laened, Kas., June 19, 1886. 

Board met at the Larned House, Larned, at 1 p. m., June 19, 1886. Present: Messrs. 
Kelley, White, and the Secretary. 
. The minutes of the previous meetings were read and approved. 

The Board having inspected the horses in quarantine owned by C. A. Alexander, 
and a bay mare owned by S. Brown, reported by the State Veterinarian as having 
glanders and farcy, Mr. White moved that close quarantine on C. A. Alexander's 
horses be raised, and that the owner be permitted to drive and use them, but that 
they be not hitched in public places or watered or fed from public troughs. 

The State Veterinarian said: I respectfully enter protest against the raising of 
quarantine on these horses. While they are discharging but little from the nose, 
they are unquestionably glandered, and should not be permitted to enter the public 
streets or highways. I request that this protest be made a part of the records of 
this meeting. This request having been granted, the motion was put and carried. 

The chair moved that Mr. S. Brown, in compliance with his request, be permitted 
to take his mare, reported as glandered, from the city of Larned to 'his pasture on 
the south side of the Arkansas river, in the county of Pawnee, there to be held iso- 
lated from all horses, mules and asses until further orders from this Board. 

The State Veterinarian entered protest against removing the animal in question 
from the present quarantine, and asked to have this protest made a part of the re- 
cords of the meeting. This request having been granted, the motion was put and 
carried. 

The following accounts were allowed, and transmitted to the Attorney General, 
requesting his approval: 

J. B. Favors, Dickinson county, serving notice of hearing on Dougherty 86 85 

David Bowers, Barton county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

J. H. Drayer, Crawford county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

W. A. Rhinehart, Sumner county, killing and burying glandered horses 10 00 

W. H. Braden, Crawford county, killing and burying glandered horses, etc 53 30 

Hiram Scott, Ottawa county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

J. L. Smith, Reno county, killing and burying glandered horses, etc 25 50 

J. H. Taylor, Jackson county, serving notice of quarantine 3 50 

J. B. Kidder, Ellis county, killing and burying glandered horse, etc 6 00 

Chas. Jones, Crawford county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

N. A. Ladue, Cloud county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

Eli Tjudell, Cloud county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

Ezekiah Cooper, Clay county, killing and burying glandered mule 5 00 

Jos. Fike, Marion county, killing and burying glandered horses 10 00 

Ed. Marshall, Cloud county, mileage and livery 11 00 

Fred. Lewis, Marion county, mileage and livery 6 60 



THIRD ANNUAL REPORT. 13 

Incidental expenses of E. R. Allen, Inspector, Kansas City, for April $1.75, and 
for May $1, were approved, and ordered paid from funds in the hands of the Sec- 
retary. 

The account of Samuel Brown, Scranton, for killing and burying a glandered 
mule, in the summer of 1884, was returned, with the information that there were no 
funds from which said account could be paid. 

The account of W. A. DeMoss, Sheriff of Pawnee county, was returned, with the 
request that it be itemized, as required by law. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board took a recess, to meet at the residence of Jos. 
Fike, Marion county, on the 20th inst. 

Lost Speings, Kas., June 20, 1886. 

Board met, and inspected two horses belonging to Mr. Fike and one belonging to 
Mr. McCray. 

On motion of Mr. White, the order of the Board was issued to the Sheriff of Marion 
county to kill and bury the mare owned by Mr. McCray, the said animal being in- 
fected with glanders. 

On motion of the Chair, the further consideration of the Fike case was postponed 
until the next meeting of the Board. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned. 

Approved : June 30, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Habrison Kelley, Chairman. 



THIRTY-SECOND MEETING. 

Topeka, Kas., June 30, 1886. 

The thirty-second meeting of the Board was held in the office of the State Veter- 
inarian, Topeka, Kas., June 30, 1886. 

Board convened at 10 a. m. Present : Messrs. Kelly, Hamilton, White, and the 
Secretary. 

Minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. 

J. W. Griffis, Sheriff of Chase county, was present and reported that he had 
branded all of the Terwilliger cattle, except the ninety-six head which had been win- 
tered at Council Grove. By order of the Board, these ninety-six head may remain 
unbranded. 

Upon the representation of J. W. Griffis that it was impossible to keep the quar- 
antined cattle away from the boundary fences, as required by the order of May 15th, 
the following modification of the order was made : Close quarantine shall consist in 
holding the said cattle within the fence inclosing the premises described in the order 
aforesaid, and at least forty rods from all other cattle. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the following preamble and resolution was adopted: 

Whereas, This Board is reliably informed that efforts have been made to bring cattle into this State 
in violation of the provisions of chapter 191, Laws of 1885: therefore, be it 

Resolved, That for the hotter protection of the cattle interests of this State, it is necessary that an 
inspector be stationed at Baxter Springs and another at Coffey ville. 

On motion of the Chairman, Mr. Hamilton was instructed to proceed at once to 
Baxter Springs and Coffeyville for the purpose of employing an inspector at each 
of said places, whose duties it shall be to guard the State against the introduction of 
cattle prohibited by chapter 191, Laws of 1885. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the Secretary was directed to issue the following re- 
quest to all railroads doing business in this State: 

Whereas, section 1, chapter 191, Laws of 1885, State of Kansas, provides that "No person or persons 
shall, between the first day of March and the first day of December of any year, drive or cause to be 



14 LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 

driven into or through any county or part thereof in this State . . . any cattle capable of com- 
municating or liable to impart what is known as Texas, splenic, or Spanish fever;" and 

Whereas, section 5 of said law provides, that " when cattle are brought into this State from south 
of the thirty-seventh parallel of north latitude" this fact "shall be taken as prima facie evidence that 
such cattle are capable of communicating and liable to impart Texas, splenic, or Spanish fever within 
the meaning of this act;" and 

Whereas, it is reported, and upon investigation by this Board it is found to be true, that such cat- 
tle have been brought into this State in violation of the provisions of said law; and whereas, it is the 
opinion of this board that the bringing of such cattle into Kansas greatly endangers the live-stock 
interests of the State: 

Now, therefore, we, the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas, do herewith respect- 
fully request that the Railway Company shall refuse to accept for shipment into this State, from 

and after the receipt of this notice until the first day of December, 1886, all cattle coming from south 
of the thirty-seventh parallel of north latitude, unless said cattle are accompanied by a certificate, 
made under oath by the sheriff or county-clerk of the county from which said cattle come or by the 
secretary of the cattle association to which the owner of said cattle may belong, showing that said 
cattle had been kept, since the first day of December, 1885, west of the east line of the Indian Territory 
and north of the thirty-sixth parallel of north latitude, or west of the twenty-first meridian of longi- 
tude west from Washington and north of the thirty-fourth parallel of north latitude. 

On motion of Mr. White, the following circular was ordered printed, and sent to 
all sheriffs in the State: 

Whereas, it is reported to this Board that certain cattle are seeking to enter the State of Kansas in 
violation of the provisions of chap. 191, Session Laws of 1885; and 

Whereas, the entry of such cattle in violation of said law may prove disastrous to the live-stock 
interests of this State: 

Now, therefore, we, the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas, do hereby direct 
that whenever you have notice or knowledge that there are within your county cattle coming from 
south of the 37th parallel of north latitude, to forthwith take charge of and restrain such cattle under 
such temporary quarantine regulations as will prevent the communication of disease, and make imme- 
diate report of your actions to this Comuiissiou. 

You will also notify the owners, or persons in charge of such cattle, to be ready to show to this 
Commission, at such time and place as we may designate, where the said cattle have been held since the 
first day of December, 1885. 

You will hold all cattle so quarantined until released by order of this Commission, and incur no 
more expense than is absolutely necessary. All expenses necessarily incurred by you while acting 
under the provisions of chap. 191, Session Laws of 1885, will be paid as provided for in sec. 3 of said law. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board found that one bay gelding and one gray 
gelding, the property of Jos. Fike, Marion county, are infected with glanders, and 
the order of the Board issued to the Sheriff of Marion county to kill and bury the 
said horses, according to law. 

The incidental expense account of E. R. Allen, for month of June, was allowed, 
and ordered paid by the Secretary. 

The following accounts were allowed, and transmitted to the Attorney General for 
his approval: 

Jt. J. Mclntvre, Cloud county, killing and burying glandered horse $5 00 

J. H. Wilhite, Lyon county, " '« " " 5 00 

Ed. Marshall, (loud countv, " " " horses 10 00 

M. F. White, Jackson county, " " " " 10 15 

Jacob Rush, Ottawa county, " " " " 10 00 

W. A. DeMoss, Pawnee county, care glandered horses, etc 41 50 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned. 

Approved: August 27, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, 

Haekison Kelley, Chairman. Secretary. 



THIRTY-THIRD MEETING. 

Topeka, Kas., August 27, 1886. 
The thirty-third meeting of the Board was held in the State Veterinarian's office, 
Topeka, Kas., August 27, 1886. 

Board convened at 10 a.m. Present: Messrs. Kelley, Hamilton, White, and the 
Secretary. 



thibd Annual Re poet. 15 

Minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. Mr. Hamilton reported 
that, in compliance with the order of the Board of June 30th, he had appointed J. 
P. Holloman inspector at Baxter Springs, at a salary of $75 per month, and Daniel 
Wells inspector at Coffeyville, at a salary of $50 per month. 

On motion of Mr. White, the appointments were confirmed, service to date from 
time of appointment, July 13, 1886. 

Communication from J. P. Holloman, Baxter Springs, recommending that no- 
tices forbidding the entrance of Southern cattle be posted on the south line of the 
State, was read. 

On motion of Mr. White, 100 copies of the circular of June 30th were ordered 
printed on muslin, and the inspectors directed to post them on the south line of the 
State. 

Mr. Hamilton reported that he had placed in quarantine 23 head of Southern cat- 
tle in Sumner county, and 300 head in Harper county. 

The Chair reported that he had placed in quarantine a herd of Southern cattle 
which had come into Morris county in March, and that he had directed the Sheriff of 
Morris county to notify the public not to use the grounds at Council Grove which 
had been infected by the Terwilliger cattle. 

The State Veterinarian reported that he had made several post-mortem examina- 
tions upon animals that had died of Texas fever from pasturing on the grounds in- 
fected by the Terwilliger cattle at Council Grove and Matfield Green. 

It having been reported to the Board that Southern cattle were entering the State 
at New Kiowa, and that there was an outbreak of Texas fever at that point, the 
Chair moved that Mr. Hamilton be directed to investigate the matter and take such 
action in the premises as might seem necessary. Carried. 

The Chair presented affidavits from parties in Crawford county, representing that 
a horse owned by Levi Larcom, of Cherokee, had been unlawfully killed for having 
glanders. 

After hearing the statement of Mr. White, who was present at the killing, the 
Board directed the Secretary to inform Mr. Larcom that in their opinion the said 
horse was lawfully killed. 

The question of closing the quarantine station at Kansas City having been dis- 
cussed, it was moved by Mr. White, and carried, that E. B,. Allen continue to act as 
inspector at Kansas City during the month of September, the Kansas City Stock 
Yards Company to pay one-half of the salary — $62.50. 

The following accounts were allowed, and transmitted to the Attorney General for 
his approval: 

Olof Nilson, Saline county, killing and burying glandered horse , $5 00 

Godfrey Lutz, Jackson county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

L. G. Keener, Crawford county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

T. C. Reily, Republic county, killing and burying glandered horse 10 00 

J. P. Holloman, Inspector, Baxter Springs, salary to August 13th 75 00 

Daniel Wells, Inspector, Coffeyville, salary to August 13th 50 00 

E. R. Allen, Inspector, Kansas City, incidentals 1 70 

The account of I. P. Couch, Harper county, was returned, with request that it be 
properly itemized. 

The account of J. Carnes, M. D., Chase county, in the sum of $25, for making a 
post-mortem examination, was returned, with the information that no authority ex 
isted for paying for such servive. 

On motion of Mr. White, notice of hearing was issued to W. E. Durand, Barton 
county, for October 5, 1886. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the Board adjourned. 

Approved: Sept. 29, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Habeison Kelley, Chairman. 



16 LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 



THIRTY-FOURTH MEETING. 

Sedan, Chautauqua Co., Kas., Sept. 28, 1886. 

The thirty-fourth meeting of the Board was held in Sedan, Sept. 28, 1886. Board 
convened at 1 p. m. Present: Messrs. Kelley, Hamilton, White, and the Secretary. 

Minutes of the previous meetings were laid over, to be read at another hour. 

The Secretary reported that the meeting was called on the report of the Sheriff of 
Chautauqua county, that he had taken in charge certain cattle charged with having 
come into the State in violation of chap. 191, Laws of 1885. 

Jas. Loyd, owner of the cattle, being present, testified that part of the cattle had 
been raised in the State of Kansas, but had gone into the Territory to graze. The 
remainder were raised about 35 miles south of the line; were certainly not capable 
of transmitting the fever. 

The complaining witness, Jacob Bradford, being absent, the Board proceeded to 

Peru for the purpose of inspecting the cattle, and directed the Sheriff to summons 

Mr. Bradford to appear before the Board and testify. 

Peru, Sept. 28, 1886. 

Board met at 8 p. m. J. J. Adams, Sheriff, reported that Mr. Bradford did not de- 
sire to testify in the case, as he had never seen the cattle in question, and knew 
nothing of them except on report of others. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the following order was issued : 

J. J. Adams, Sheriff of Chautauqua county, Sedan, Kansas — Sir: Whereas, the cattle belonging to 
Jas. Loyd, held in quarantine by you under the provisions of chapter 191, Laws of 1885, State of Kansas, 
have been declared by this Board incapable of transmitting Texas splenic or Spanish fever : 

Now, therefore, you are hereby directed to release from further quarantine, and to deliver to the 
proper party, all of the said cattle so held by you on this 28th day of September, 1886. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board took a recess, to meet in Topeka on Sep- 
tember 29th. 

Topeka, Kas., September 29, 1886. 

Board met in the office of the Secretary, at 10 a. m. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. 

Mr. Hamilton reported that he had, in accordance with the instructions of the 
Board, on August 27th, investigated the report that Southern cattle were waiting near 
New Kiowa for an opportunity to unlawfully enter the State. Could not learn that 
any such cattle had entered the State, nor did he believe they would attempt to do 
so, for the reason that public opinion there was strongly opposed to it. There were 
some cases of Texas fever at that point, but the disease had been contracted while 
crossing the trail while the cattle infected were en route to Kiowa for shipment. 

On motion of Mr. White, the following preamble and resolution were adopted 
and addressed to the Governor: 

To His Excellency the Governor of Kansas — Sir: Whereas, reliable information has reached the 
Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas that contagious pleuro-pneumonia of cattle has 
made its appearance in a large number of animals, within the States of Illinois and Ohio, and the Do" 
minion of Canada; and 

Whereas, the cattle interests of the State of Kansas are greatly endangered by the prevalence of 
this plague, at points situated on the principal avenues of the live-stock traffic of the country, thereby 
making it possible for the disease to become widespread; and 

Whereas, an outbreak of this disease within the State of Kansas would greatly depreciate the value 
of our cattle and close the markets of the world against our beef: 

Now, therefore, we, the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas, do herewith re- 
spectfully request his Excellency the Governor of Kansas to issue a proclamation of quarantine 
against the introduction to this State of all animals of the bovine species coming from the States o^ 
Ohio and Illinois, and from the Dominion of Canada, unless all such cattle are quarantined at the 
point of entry for a period of ninety days, and retained there until they shall receive a certificate of 
health signed by the State Veterinarian. 



thibd Annual Repobt. 17 



On motion of Mr. White, the following preamble and resolutions were adopted: 

Whereas, Recent and extensive outbreaks of contagious pleuro-pneumonia in cattle in neighboring 
States make it possible for this State to become infected unless the most stringent and effective pi'otect- 
ive measures are at once adopted ; and 

Whereas, This Board believes that it should have some practical knowledge of the disease, gained 
by an examination of living cases, and from witnessing the lesions presented by the diseased dead, in 
that they may intelligently adopt the measures necessary for the proper protection of the cattle in- 
terests of the State, or suppress speedily an outbreak if it should occur: therefore, be it 

Resolved, That we, the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas, will, on October 
the 4th, 1886, proceed to Chicago, and there make such investigations of this disease as may seem 
proper. 

And be it further resolved, That the State Veterinarian is hereby directed to accompany the Board. 

The following accounts were allowed, and referred to the Attorney General for his 

approval: 

I. P. Couch, Harper county, mileage, etc' , $19 10 

A. L. Matthews, Reno county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

James Springer, Republic county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

H.L.Miner 5 00 

H. T. Dodson, El Dorado, mileage 2 50 

Daniel Wells, salary as Inspector at Coffeyville 50 00 

I. P. Holloman, salary as Inspector at Baxter Springs 75 00 

E. R. Allen, salary as Inspector at Kansas City 62 80 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the hearing of W. E. Durand was postponed from 
October 5th to October 19, 1886. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned. 

Approved: October 13, 1886. » A. A. Holoombe, Secretary. 

Hakeison Kelley, Chairman. 



THIRTY-FIFTH MEETING. 

Kansas City, October 4, 1886. 

The thirty -fifth meeting of the Board took place at Kansas City, Mo., at 6 p. m., 
October 4, 1886. Members present: Messrs. Kelley, Hamilton, White, and the Secre- 
tary. The Board proceeded to Chicago, where they arrived on the 5th instant. At 
9 p. m. on this date, a conference was held in the Grand Pacific Hotel, with the Sani- 
tary Commission of Illinois. That Board reported that the outbreak of contagious 
pleuro-pneumonia in Chicago was a serious one. Between two and three thousand 
animals were either affected or had been exposed. How the disease was introduced, 
and the extent of the infection, had not yet been determined. Active inspection 
and investigation of the matter was being continuously made. All possible pre- 
cautions are being taken to prevent its further spread. Strict quarantine regulations 
are maintained on all infected and exposed animals and premises. No animal shall 
be taken from quarantine except to be slaughtered. 

On invitation of the Illinois Commission, the Board visited the Phoenix distillery 
on the morning of the 6th, and made an inspection of the infected animals found 
there. A cow which had been suffering from pleuro-pneumonia for about two weeks, 
was selected by Dr. Trumbower, and destroyed. The post-mortem examination re- 
vealed marked adhesions between the right lung and the chest walls and diaphragm; 
the cavity of the chest contained about two gallons of a pale, straw-colored fluid, in 
which floated a great mass of coagulated fibrin. The heart sac contained an excess 
of fluid, and in places had formed adhesions with the lungs. About two-thirds of 
the right lung was hardened, of a reddish-brown color, and when cut across showed 
the thick whitish bands dividing the lung substance into small, angular spaces. 
Abovu the parts most seriously affected was another portion, the outlines of which 
were well denned, that presented the same characteristics in a lesser degree. Above 
2 



18 LIVE-STOCK SANITARY COMMISSION. 

this portion the lung seemed perfectly healthy. The left lung showed no signs of 
disease. This aninial was in moderate flesh, was said to have a fair appetite, but 
stood with back arched, had an occasional husky cough, while the hair was rough, 
dry, and staring. 

During the afternoon a piece of lung, said to have been taken from a cow killed 
on the commons, was exhibited to the Board. It presented the same characteristics 
as witnessed in the lower portion of the lung seen in the case described above. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Secretary was instructed to enter upon the minutes 
a description of the post-mortem appearances seen, and the Board adjourned to meet 
in Topeka on the 13th inst. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Approved: October 13, 1886. 

Harbison Kellet, Chairman. 



THIRTY-SIXTH MEETING. 

Topeka, Kas., October 13, 1886. 

The thirty-sixth meeting of the Board was held in the Secretary's office, Topeka, 
October 13, 1886. 

Board convened at 4 p. m. Present: Messrs. Kelley, Hamilton, White, and the Sec- 
retary. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. Communication 
from J. S. Leeds, General Freight Agent of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Rail- 
road, was read, in which inquiry was made as to whether stock cars were required to 
be disinfected. Secretary was instructed to reply that probably no order to disin- 
fect such cars would be issued by the Board until next spring. 

Communications from the Secretary of the Ohio Live-Stock Commissioners, ask- 
ing that quarantine against Ohio cattle be raised, for the reason that the State was 
not infected as had been reported, were read. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the Governor was requested to raise the quarantine 
on Ohio cattle. 

On motion of Mr. White, the following quarantine rules and regulations were 
adopted, ordered printed, and distributed to all interested parties: - 

Topeka, Kansas, October 13, 1886. 

To whom it may concern : The " rules and regulations governing quarantine and the admission of 
cattle into Kansas," as issued by this Board, dated Topeka, Kansas, May 2d, 1885, are hereby revoked. 

From and after this date, and until further notice, all cattle coming to Kansas from that portion of 
New York lying south of the north line of the State of Connecticut, all of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, 
Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia,* Illinois, and the Dominion of 
Canada.f will be required to enter the State at Kansas City, where they will be held in quarantine, at 
the risk and expense of the owner, for a period of ninety days, or until they shall receive a bill of 
health signed by the State Veterinarian of Kansas. 

All railroad, express, and other transportation companies are forbidden to bring any cattle into 

this State from the above-named quarantined districts, except in compliance with the foregoing rules 

and regulations. 

By order of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission, State of Kansas. 

A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

The State Veterinarian reported that he had, on Oct. 2, placed in quarantine a 
herd of cattle owned by the Abilene Cattle Co., which had infected a number of cat- 
tle in Dickinson county with Texas fever. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the State Veterinarian's order of quarantine was 
confirmed, and the cattle ordered held by the Sheriff of Dickinson county, until re- 
leased by this Board. 

* Governor's proclamation, April loth, 1885. 

t Governor's proclamation, September 30th, 1886. 



THIBD ANNUAL RE POET. 19 

The following accounts were allowed : 

E. M. Crummer, Republic county, killing and burying two glandered horses.. $10 00 

A. P. Meek, Jackson county " " " 10 00 

J. J. Adams, expense of quarantining and holding Loyd cattle, Sedan, Chautauqua connty, 

$23.30 — allowed in the sura of. 16 30 

Mr. White reported that there was an outbreak of Texas fever in the eastern 
part of Ottawa county. The Board directed Mr. White and the State Veterinarian 
to investigate the matter, and to take such action in the premises as should be nec- 
essary. 

The Secretary reported that he had set for hearing on October 14th, the case of 
Jerome Kunkel, Lecompton, charged by the State Veterinarian with keeping two 
glandered horses. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the Board adjourned. 

Lecompton, October 14, 1886. 

Board met at 9 a. m., and inspected the reported animals. Mr. Kunkel objected 
to having the horses killed for the reason that he did not believe they were glandered. 
The State Veterinarian condemned one of them nearly two years ago. Had killed 
two horses with glanders two years ago that were condemned by the State Veterina- 
rian. Wanted to use these as he pleased. 

Board ordered that the quarantine should be raised, but that the horses should 
not be hitched, fed, or watered in public places. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned. 

Approved: November 6, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Habbison Kellev, Chairman. 



THIRTY-SEVENTH MEETING. 

Gbeat Bend, Kas., October 19, 1886. 

The thirty-seventh meeting of the Board was held at Great Bend, on October 19, 
1886. 

Board convened at 1:30 p.m. Present: Messrs. Kelley, White, and the Secretary. 

The minutes of the previous meeting were laid Over for reading at the next 
meeting. 

The case of W. E. Durand was called for hearing, and the report and affidavit of 
the State Veterinarian read. 

G. W. Nimmocks appeared as counsel for Mr. Durand, and said: We are not satis- 
fied that the mare in question is glandered as charged. We desire to have her kept 
until we are satisfied that she is so diseased. 

The Board, having inspected the animal, ordered that she be held in quarantine 
until further orders. 

A communication was read from Mr. Terwilliger, asking that his quarantined 
cattle be permitted to graze at night on account of the grass being poor. J. W. 
Griffis, Sheriff of Chase county, recommended that this concession be made. On 
motion of Mr. White, it was so ordered. 

A communication from the Breeders 1 Gazette, Chicago, asking for information 
regarding Kansas quarantine rules, was read, and the Secretary instructed to reply. 

Account of Daniel Wells, inspector, in the sum of $50 for month ending October 
13, 1886, was approved. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned. 

Approved: November 6, 1886. A. A. Holoombe, Secretary. 

Habbison Kelley, Chairman. 



20 LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 



THIRTY-EIGHTH MEETING. 

Topeka, Kas., November 6, 1886. 

The thirty-eighth meeting of the Board was held in the Secretary's office, Topeka, 
November 6, 1886. Present: Messrs. Kelley, Hamilton, White, and the Secretary. 

Board convened at 10 a. m. The minutes of the two preceding meetings were read 
and approved. 

The Secretary reported that he had received information that some of the Henry 
cattle, which came from near Chicago, and had been sold during the Kansas City 
Fat-Stock Show, had entered the State on the night of October 29th, in violation of 
the quarantine rules. 

E. R. Allen, inspector at Kansas City, was present, and furnished the following 
list of parties receiving such cattle: 

W. E. Treadwell, Harper 3 head 

J. McCoy, Williamstown 1 ' ' 

Shockey & Gibb, Lawrence 8 ' ' 

R. Muir, Salina , 7 ' ' 

Finch, Lord & Nelson, Burlingame 5 ' ' 

Morgan & Parrish, Irving 2 ' ' 

After a consultation with the Attorney General of State, the Board requested him 
to bring suit against G. W. Henry in the district court of Wyandotte county, Kas., 
for a violation of the quarantine regulations of the State of Kansas. 

By direction of the Board Mr. Hamilton will visit Messrs. Treadwell, McCoy, and 
Shockey & Gibb ; General Kelley, Messrs. Finch, Lord & Nelson ; and Mr. White, 
Messrs. Muir, Morgan & Parrish, and place in quarantine for a period of ninety 
days such cattle as may be found on their respective premises which have come into 
the State in violation of the law. 

Mr. Hamilton was further instructed to investigate the report of the Sheriff of 
Crawford county, that there were certain cattle in his county which were believed to 
be capable of transmitting Texas fever ; and also the outbreak of disease among 
cattle at Independence reported to be pleuro-pneumonia. 

The State Veterinarian reported a case of glanders, owned by Jos. E. Larue, Smith 
county, in which the owner waived his right to a hearing, and desired to have the 
animal killed, according to law. 

□ On motion of Mr. White, the order of the Board was issued to the Sheriff of Smith 
county, commanding the killing of said animal for glanders. 

Account of M. L. Green, Harper county, for killing and burying a glandered horse 
and mule, allowed in the sum of $10. 

The Secretary was instructed to inform the inspectors at Baxter Springs and 
Coffeyville, that their terms of service would expire on November 13, 1886. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned. 

Approved: November 30, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Haebison Kelley, Chairman. 



THIRTY-NINTH MEETING. 

Kansas City, Nov. 13, 1886. 
The thirty-ninth meeting of the Board was held in Kansas City, Nov. 13, 1886, 
Present: Messrs. Kelly, Hamilton, and White. Absent, the Secretary. 
On motion of Mr. Hamilton, Mr. White was made Secretary pro tern. 
Reading of the minutes of the preceding meeting was laid over. 
Mr. Hamilton reported that in compliance with the order of the Board on Novem- 
ber 6th, he had quarantined for ninety days, 4 head of Illinois cattle for Shockey & 
Gibb, Lawrence, and one for J. McCoy, Williamstown. The Treadwell cattle were 



thibd Annual Report. 21 

said to be Missouri cattle; the cattle in charge of the sheriff of Crawford county were 
owned by H. T. Potter, and had come from the Indian Territory; they were ordered 
held until released by the Board; the disease at Independence had subsided. 

General Kelley reported that he had quarantined the 4 head of Illinois cattle for 
ninety days, which he found on the premises of Finch, Lord & Nelson, Burlingame. 

Mr. White reported having quarantined for 90 days, one cow for Robt. Muir, Salina; 
one for Mr. Morgan, of Irving, and one for Mr. Parrish, of Frankfort, all of which 
had come from Illinois. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the following preamble and resolution were adopted: 

Whereas, A meeting of State veterinarians and live-stock sanitary boards has been called for Nov. 
15th and 16th, in the city of Chicago, for. the purpose of considering quarantine matters relating to the 
various States and Territories ; and 

Whereas, In the opinion of this Board it is desirable that the State of Kansas should be represented 
at the said meeting, in order that a uniform code of rules and regulations governing quarantine may, 
if possible, be adopted for all the Western States and Territories, in that all unnecessary restrictions 
upon the cattle traffic may be removed : therefore, be it 

Resolved, by the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas, That Harrison Kelley, Chair- 
man of the Board, be and hereby is directed to be present at the said meeting, to represent the inter- 
ests of the State of Kansas. 

The Secretary was instructed to direct all sheriffs in the State having Southern 
cattle in quarantine under the orders of this Board, to present their accounts at the 
office of the Secretary on or before November 30, 1886; also to notify the owners of 
said cattle that if said expenses, when approved by this Board, were not paid on or 
before December 10, 1886, sufficient of said cattle shall be advertised and sold as pro- 
vided by law for the liquidation of the expenses before mentioned. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, Board adjourned to meet in Topeka on November 
30, 1886. J. T. White, Secretary pro tern. 

, Approved: November 30, 1886. 

Haebison Kelly, Chairman. 



FORTIETH MEETING. 

Topeka, Kas., November 30, 1886. 

The fortieth meeting of the Board was held in the Secretary's office, Topeka, 
November 30, 1886. 

Board convened at 10 a. m. Present: Messrs. Kelley, Hamilton, White, and the 
Secretary. 

The minutes of the two preceding meetings were read and approved. 

The account of the Sheriff of Chase county, in the sum of $498, having been ap- 
proved by the Board and paid by S. F. Jones, agent for W. R. Terwilliger, the Board 
ordered the release of the cattle from further quarantine. 

Account of W. H. Braden, Sheriff of Crawford county, for quarantine expenses on 
cattle of H. T. Potter, was approved, and Mr. Potter notified that unless said account 
is paid on or before December 10, 1886, the sheriff will be ordered to sell sufficient 
of said cattle to liquidate the expense, $4. 

Account of S. J. Powell, Sheriff of Ottawa county, for quarantining cattle, etc., in 

the sum or $1-40.80, was approved for $13.80. 

Accounts of J. A. Faylor, killing glandered horse, Coffey county $5 00 

Jas. Johnson, killing glandered horse, Smith county 5 00 

E. E. Hodson, killing glandered horses, Smith county 10 00 

F. M. Carson, killing glandered horses, Smith county 30 60 

E. R. Allen, inspector, Kansas City 127 65 

J. P. Holloman, inspector, Baxter Springs 75 00 

W. W. Bartlett, Salina, cleaning and disinfecting car 4 40 

— were allowed, and referred to the Attorney General for approval. 



22 LIVE-STOCK SANITARY COMMISSION. 



The Secretary was directed to notify the Sheriff of Dickinson county that his ac- 
count against the Abilene Cattle Company should be forwarded without delay. 

On motion of Mr. Hamilton, the quarantine rules and regulations were amended 

to read as follows: 

Topeka, Kansas, November 30, 1886. 

To whom it may concern: The "Kansas quarantine rules and regulations," as issued by this Board, 
dated Topeka, Kansas, October 13, 1886, are hereby revoked. 

From and after this date, and until further notice, all cattle coming to Kansas from that portion of 
New York lying south of the north line of the State of Connecticut, all of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, 
Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia,* Illinois, and the Dominion of 
Canada,! will be required to enter the State at Kansas City, where they will be held in quarantine, at 
the risk and expense of the owner, for a period of ninety days, and until they shall have received a 
bill of health signed by the State Veterinarian of Kansas. 

Cattle from all other districts may enter the State, provided the shipper satisfies the State Inspector 
at Kansas City that they are healthy, and have not been exposed to any contagious or infectious dis- 
ease. 

All railroad, express, and other transportation companies are forbidden to bring any cattle into 

this State, except in compliance with the foregoing rules and regulations. 

By order of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission, State of Kansas. 

A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

The Secretary was directed, on motion of Mr. Hamilton, to send a copy of the fol- 
lowing letter to all railroad companies doing business from Kansas City: 

It has come to the knowledge of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas that 
there have been several violations of the rules and regulations governing the quarantine against certain 
States and districts east of the Mississippi river. These violations have resulted in cattle entering the 
State that, under strict application of the rules, would have been placed in quarantine at the State line. 
The trouble seems to arise with the various railroad agents and clerks who do the billing of live stock 
at Kansas City, who, in reading our regulations, interpret them as permitting all stock to be forwarded 
that is not specifically excluded by the rules. The rules and regulations of November 30, 1886, name 
those districts from which cattle will not be admitted into the State except after ninety days' quaran- 
tine. 

Cattle from other districts may enter the State, provided the shipper satisfies the State Inspector at 
Kansas City that they are healthy, and have not been exposed to any contagious or infectious disease. 
When this evidence is satisfactory to the Inspector, he will issue his official permit, and this permit, 
and this only, will be your authority for receiving any shipments of cattle to be unloaded at any station 
in the State of Kansas, except Kansas City. 

Therefore, you are hereby respectfully requested to instruct your office at Kansas City to receive no 
cattle for shipment into this State, either from the stock yards, connecting lines, or on foot, unless the 
party in charge has a permit covering the full number of cattle, signed by the Inspector at Kansas City. 

By order of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission, State of Kansas. 

Topeka, Kas., November 30, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

The Secretary was directed to prepare the annual report of the Board for the 
printer. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned. 

Approved: December 22, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Habbison Kellet, Chairman. 



FORTY-FIRST MEETING. 

Topeka, Kas., December 22, 1886. 
The forty-first meeting of the Board was held in the office of the Secretary, To- 
peka, Kas., December 22, 1886. 

Session of the Board was called at 10:30 a. m. Present: Messrs. Kelley, White, and 
the Secretary. Absent: J. W. Hamilton. 

Minutes of the previous meeting were read and approved. 

The Secretary's draft of the third annual report of the Board was read, discussed, 
amended, ordered completed, signed, and delivered to the Govenor. 

* Governor's proclamation, April 15th, 1885. 

f Governor's proclamation, September 30th, 1886. 



Thibd Annual Repobt. 23 

The account of the Sheriff of Dickinson county, in the sum of $92.90, for holding 
in quarantine, care, feeding, etc., cattle belonging to the Abilene Cattle Company 
during the months of October and November, 1886, as ordered by this Board, was 
deemed extortionate, and was not approved; but inasmuch as the account had been 
paid by the Company before it had been submitted to this Board for action, as re- 
quired by law, the bill was ordered filed, indorsed with aforesaid action. 

The order of the Secretary to release the said cattle was confirmed. 

The following order, issued by direction of this Board, was made a part of the rec- 
ords of this meeting: 

W. H. Braden, Esq., Sheriff of Crawford county, Girard, Kansas — Sir: Whereas, it was reported to 
this Board on October 31st, 1886, by W. H. Braden, Sheriff of the county of Crawford, State of Kansas, 
that he had. on complaint of a citizen of this State, placed in temporary quarantine certain cattle 
owned by H. T. Potter, of Crawford county, Kansas, said cattle having come into this State in viola- 
tion of chapter 191, Laws of 1885; and 

Whereas, the costs and expenses of taking, detaining and holding said cattle have not been paid 
by the said H. T. Potter, as provided by section 3 of said law : 

Therefore, you are hereby commanded by the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kan- 
sas, to advertise in the same manner as is by law provided in cases of sales of personal property, that 
you will sell such cattle or such portions thereof as may be necessary to pay such costs and expenses, 
besides the expenses of such sale ; and at the time and place so advertised, you will proceed to sell as 
many of said cattle as shall be necessary to pay off such costs and expenses and the expenses of sale, 
and shall forthwith pay over to the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission any amount so received in excess 
of the legal fees and expenses by you incurred. 

By order of the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas. 

A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

The following accounts were approved, and referred to the Attorney General: 

O. Gorby, Peru, Chautauqua county, killing and burying glandered horse $5 00 

Hugh Stewart, Ottawa county, killing and burying glandered horse 5 00 

Account of H. T. Hamer, Sheriff of Morris county, in the sum of $3, for posting 
quarantine notices on grounds infected by cattle of W. R. Terwilliger, allowed and 
paid. 

On motion of Mr. White, the Board adjourned, to meet at the call of the Secretary. 

Approved: December 22, 1886. A. A. Holcombe, Secretary. 

Hakkison Kelley, Chairman. 



CONTAGIOUS PLEUKO-PNEUMONIA. 



The developments in the past twelve months in this disease have not 
been encouraging. While the States of Kentucky and Tennessee report its 
suppression within their borders, Illinois and Canada have had outbreaks 
which threaten disastrous consequences to the cattle interests of the whole 
country unless they can be subjected to speedy control and suppression. 

As the records of our meetings will show, we have taken such action as 
has been possible under the circumstances, to protect the State against the 
introduction of this most dangerous plague. Soon after the reports of the 
outbreak in Illinois were confirmed, we deemed that it would prove of ines- 
timable value to this Commission, in case the disease should appear in this 
State, to have some personal knowledge of the malady from actual expe- 
rience, and for the purpose of gaining this knowledge our Board visited 



24 LIVE-STOCK SANITARY COMMISSION. 

Chicago during the early part of October, where we inspected the surround- 
ings and sanitary conditions of the infected herds. We also saw animals 
in all stages of the disease, their condition before and after infection, as 
well as the peculiar lesions characteristic of pleuro-pneumonia on post- 
mortem examination. This experience had by the members of the Board, 
none of whom, except the State Veterinarian, had ever seen the disease, 
has removed any doubt which we might previously have entertained as to 
the malignancy of the trouble, and confirmed our- belief that all possible 
measures for our protection against infection should be rigidly maintained. 
We believe that this information could have been obtained in no better 
way, and it can now be used in the interest of the State at any future time, 
should we have the misfortune to become infected. 

The rules and regulations governing quarantine and the admission of 
cattle to the State, as adopted by our Board on November 30, 1886, under 
your Excellency's proclamation of September 30, 1886, provide that no 
cattle from the proscribed territory shall enter Kansas unless they undergo 
a quarantine of 90 days at the point of entry. It is also further provided, 
that all such cattle shall enter the State at Kansas City, at which point an 
inspector is kept in the employ of the State, whose duty it is to inspect all 
cattle desiring to enter Kansas. Upon proper and satisfactory showing, all 
cattle coming from districts not named in the proclamation referred to are 
issued a permit entitling them to enter the State. Under these provisions 
of our regulations, 21 animals are now held in quarantine at Kansas City, 
on grounds furnished by the Stock Yards Company without expense to the 
State. These grounds are isolated and well adapted to the purpose, but 
they are small and can accommodate but a small number of animals, so that 
in case several shipments of cattle should demand quarantine accommoda- 
tions, we would be compelled to make further provisions in this respect. 
But judging from our experience of the last three months, we are disposed 
to believe that but a few owners will desire to undergo the expense and 
detention of quarantine, for we find that it is the practice now to sell in the 
Kansas City market all animals coming from infected localities, and which 
are denied admittance to the State except on compliance with our detention 
of 90 days. 

This condition of affairs is to be deplored, for the reason that this practice 
makes it quite possible for an outbreak of the disease to occur in the 
neighborhood of Kansas City. Of course it is not within the power of this 
Board to prevent the sale of the cattle under these circumstances, yet an out- 
break of pleuro-pneumonia at or near the Kansas City market would prove 
as disastrous to the cattle interests of the State as an outbreak within our 
borders, for this market receives most of the cattle sold by the citizens of 
Kansas, and any embargo placed on the Kansas City market will depreciate 
the value of all stock which finds a market at or through this point. 

For these reasons it seems to this Board that unless the State of Missouri 



thibd Annual Repobt. 25 



shall, at the forthcoming session of the Legislature, provide some adequate 
means whereby this practice shall be prevented, Kansas will be compelled 
to class the cattle of Missouri with those of infected territories, thereby de- 
nying them admittance to the State unless they shall first undergo a quar- 
antine of ninety days at the point of entry. 

The question as to whether one quarantine station and point of entry for 
cattle from the excepted territories is all that should be maintained, is one 
which has received earnest consideration at our hands. While we recog- 
nize fully the fact that with so open and extended a border as is that of 
this State, it is impossible to exclude all animals that may come from dan- 
gerous localities if their owners are disposed to risk detection and prosecu- 
tion by violating the rules and regulations governing quarantine, we believe 
the severity of the penalties imposed for such violations afford such reason- 
able protection to our interests as can be expected under the circumstances. 
To place inspectors at all the principal points of entry to the State would 
entail an expense which this Board is not disposed to incur, notwithstand- 
ing the fact that any reasonable expense in keeping the disease out of the 
State would prove much more economical than the expense of suppressing 
an outbreak. 

If, however, an outbreak of this disease should occur within our borders, it 
is doubtful if it could be speedily suppressed, for the want of sufficient funds. 
The average monthly expenditure of money from the appropriation made to 
cover the expenses of the State Veterinarian, this Board, etc., is about $750, so 
that by the first of April of any year not more than about $4,000 are avail- 
able. In case of an outbreak this sum would prove inadequate with which 
to meet the emergencies of the situation, and to be compelled to submit for 
an indefinite time to the restrictions which other States would at once im- 
pose on our cattle traffic, would entail hardships and losses which no one can 
estimate at this time. 

When the outbreak in Illinois was recently discovered, that State had at 
her command $50,000 with which to enforce the necessary measures of sup- 
pression, and yet this sum was not sufficient with which to meet the emer- 
gency, for it was learned within a few weeks' time that nearly 5,000 head 
of cattle were either diseased or had been exposed to infection. Unfortu- 
nately, as it seems to us, there exists a lack of uniformity in the laws of 
Illinois and of the United States, whereby the Government is unable to 
lend assistance in the matter of compensating owners for loss of property, 
for that State can only pay for exposed animals in which the disease has 
not yet appeared, while the Federal law provides that only diseased ani- 
mals may be paid for after appraisement has been made under the laws of 
the State. All the expense of compensating owners for the losses sustained 
therefore falls upon the State, and the delays which have resulted from the 
effort made to reach some satisfactory understanding with the parties own- 
ing cattle which it has been found necessary to slaughter, have proven 
highly disadvantageous in many respects. 



26 LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 

The expense of suppressing the disease in Illinois, even if it should prove 
to be confined to its present limits, is variously estimated at from $150,000 
to $300,000, to say nothing of the losses resulting from the depreciation in 
prices and the restraints imposed on cattle traffic. In two respects, how- 
ever, Kansas is more fortunately situated than Illinois : First, we have no 
large city, like Chicago, in which the disease might lurk for months with- 
out detection, and from which it is almost impossible to eradicate it ; and 
secondly, our statute so conforms to the provisions of the Federal law on 
the subject that assistance from that source might be expected, both in the 
enforcement of necessary sanitary regulations and in paying for diseased 
animals destroyed. 

For the reasons heretofore set forth, and in view of the possibility that 
an outbreak of this disease may occur at any time, within our borders, we 
respectfully but urgently recommend that the forthcoming Legislature shall 
make a special appropriation whereby the sum of $25,000 shall be set aside, 
to be used only for the purpose of suppressing an outbreak of contagious 
pleuro-pneumonia within the State. 



GLANDERS AKD FARCY. 



The demands made by the citizens of the State that animals supposed to 
be infected with glanders or farcy should be inspected, have not been so 
numerous as during the year 1885. Whether this means that the disease 
is less prevalent than heretofore, is an open question. The fact that 
glandered animals killed under the provisions of the law are not paid for 
by the State, has become so generally known that many owners of such 
animals sell or trade them away in preference to reporting them to the 
authorities. The practice, however, is likely to be checked by the prosecu- 
tions which have recently been instituted against some of the guilty parties. 
Furthermore, the general distribution of special reports, setting forth the 
nature and symptoms of the disease, and warning the public of the danger 
to be apprehended from the purchase of animals showing signs of being 
diseased, is undoubtedly bearing fruit. 

During the past nine months the State Veterinarian has employed at his 
own expense, a clerk to assist with the office work, whereby he has been en- 
abled to devote considerable time to this subject. In this effort to suppress 
the disease, this Board has rendered all possible assistance, yet many re- 
ported cases remain uninspected for the want of time. The report of our 
Secretary shows that 117 head of horses and mules have been condemned 
during the year, of which number 92 have been killed, while the remainder 
are held in quarantine by desire of the owners. 



THIBD ANNUAL RE POET. 27 

But three animals have been ordered killed in opposition to the wishes 
of the owners. 

It will be seen, however, that of the 66 counties reporting suspected cases 
of the disease, only 35 counties have been in whole or in part inspected. 

In making these inspections a member of the Board has accompanied the 
State Veterinarian whenever practicable so to do, and as a consequence, most 
of the condemned animals have been killed without delay. But the num- 
ber of cases reported is so large, and the territory in which they are found 
so broad, that one inspector cannot give the matter that time and atten- 
tion which the subject demands. The other imperative duties devolving 
upon the State Veterinarian, certainly preclude him from devoting to this 
matter such constant attention as is necessary for the suppression of a dis- 
ease characterized by so long and insidious a course as is glanders. 

We believe it would be to the best interests of the State, to have all sus- 
pected cases of glanders and farcy disposed of without delay ; and for the 
purpose of securing this result, we again recommend that legislative pro- 
vision be made, whereby, upon the recommendation of this Board, an as- 
sistant to the State Veterinarian ,may be appointed whenever the necessity 
therefor is imperative. 

Finally, we still entertain the opinion that glanders and farcy could best 
be exterminated under a special statute containing provisions similar to 
those set forth in the bill which we have recommended in both of our pre- 
vious reports. 

TEXAS FEVER. 



The Texas fever law of 1885 has again proven capable of protecting the 
cattle interests of the State. We do not mean by this that it has entirely 
prevented the entry of dangerous animals, for no law probably could do 
that, but that it has furnished the machinery whereby such animals may be 
so held as to cause small losses only, which losses must be paid for by the 
cattle responsible for the damage. 

Six bunches of cattle have been taken charge of during the summer for 
having come into the State in violation of the law. The first herd was 
quarantined early in May. They came from the southeastern part of the 
Indian Territory to Council Grove, where they remained for a few days, 
after which they were driven across the country to the southern part of 
Chase county. At this point they were held and carefully guarded until 
Dec. 1st, when, upon payment of all costs and expenses incurred, they were 
released. But notwithstanding the weather was cold and wet at the time, 
and the season early, the trail made by the animals proved capable, during 
the hot sumtmer weather, of infecting a number of natives which grazed 
thereon. About thirty head of cattle are reported to have died from this 
exposure. 



28 



LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 



Another lot of cows and calves, bought by partias in Dickinson county, 
were turned in with some of their natives, several of which died about the 
first of October. These cattle were bought on the representation of the 
seller that they had been wintered in Kansas, so that no violation of the 
law was intended by bringing these animals into the State. They were 
held in quarantine from Oct. 1st to Dec. 1st. The other four lots, in so far 
as we know, never communicated the disease to other animals. A few steers 
died in the State, late in the season, from having contracted the disease 
while en route to market, but the losses all told we believe could be cov- 
ered by the sum of $5,000. 

The expense to the State has been the employment of two inspectors on 
the south line of the State, for a period of four months each, at a cost of 
$500 in all. HARRISON KELLEY, 

J. W. HAMILTON, 
J. T. WHITE, 

Topeka, Kas., December 31, 1886. Sanitary Commission. 



FUNDS EXPENDED DURING THE YEAR 
\ 

A. A. Holeombe, salary as State Veterinarian 

A. A. Holeombe, traveling expenses, postage, telegrams, expressage, etc 

Harrison Kelley, per diem and traveling expenses 

J. W. Hamilton, per diem and traveling expenses 

J. T. White, per diem and traveling expenses 

E. R. Allen, Inspector at Kansas City, salary 

E. R. Allen, incidental expenses 

J. P. Holloman, Inspector at Baxter Springs 

Daniel Wells, Inspector at Coffeyville 

Sheriffs' fees, killing and burying glandered horses, mileage, etc 

Total for the year 

Funds expended first half of fiscal year ending June 30, 1886 

Funds expended second half of fiscal year ending June 30, 1886 

Total 

Returned to treasury, balance 

Funds expended first half of fiscal year ending June 30, 1887 

Balance 



82,500 00 

1,412 75 

742 62 

952 62 

1,093 65 

1,437 00 

4 30 

300 00 

200 00 

1,450 01 



$10,092 95 



S3, 516 09 
5,462 74 



58,978 83 
1,021 17 



$4,630 21 
5,369 79 



THIRD ANNUAL REPORT. 29 



REPORT OE THE STATE VETERINARIAN. 



To the Live-Stock Sanitary Commission of the State of Kansas : 

Gentlemen — I have the honor to submit herewith the third annual re- 
port of the State Veterinarian, which covers the year ending December 31, 
1886. 

During this period 874 communications have been received, and are now 
on file. They relate to the following subjects : 320 to glanders and farcy ; 
14 to hog cholera; 36 to indigestion in cattle; 36 to Texas fever; 6 to black- 
leg ; and the remainder to other diseases, and miscellaneous matters pertain- 
ing to the duties of the office. 

Nine hundred and nineteen letters have been written and sent out by 
mail, beside about 11,000 reports, circulars, proclamations, quarantine rules, 
and other printed matter. During the past nine months I have employed 
a clerk at my own expense, whereby I have been able to devote nearly all 
my time to the field duties of the office. I believe it would prove an econ- 
omy for the State to provide for the performance of these clerical duties. 



CONTAGIOUS PLEURO-PNEUMONIA OF CATTLE. 

The State is still free from this disease. The outbreaks which have oc- 
curred during the year in Illinois and Canada can hardly be said to encour- 
age the hope that we are in no danger of becoming infected. Kentucky and 
Tennessee, early in the year, reported that they had suppressed the disease 
within their borders, and it was generally believed that no other cases ex- 
isted west of the Alleghany mountains. I have since been told, however, 
that the Bureau of Animal Industry had good reason to believe so long ago 
as last January or February that the disease had not been completely eradi- 
cated from Illinois. But be this as it may, the malady has undoubtedly 
been lurking in the stables of Chicago for many months, and its accidental 
discovery late in the summer has shown it to be the most unfortunate out- 
break for the cattle interests of the whole country that has ever happened 
on this continent. Not only does it imperil the traffic of one of the great- 
est cattle marts in the world, but it also makes it possible for the disease to 
become widespread, unless it shall be suppressed without delay. A some- 
what extended experience with this insidious malady leads me to doubt 
that this will be done, for the obstacles to be overcome in a city like Chicago 
make it well-nigh impossible to enforce effectual quarantine measures. The 
combined forces of the State and National governments may, however, ac- 
complish the desired end. 



30 LIVE-STOCK SANITARY COMMISSION. 

While I fully appreciate that the local quarantines established by the 
various States prove a serious restriction upon the cattle industry of the 
country, they are undoubtedly necessary, in the absence of such Federal 
legislation as will effectually prevent the movement of all diseased and ex- 
posed animals. 

Believing, as I do, that no reasonable expense or effort should be spared 
whereby the disease may be kept out of the State, I am led to question 
whether the enforcement of the rules and regulations of quarantine, as 
adopted by your Honorable Board on November 30th, affords us all the pro- 
tection needed. I recognize fully that our eastern border is so long and 
open that to absolutely prevent the introduction of animals which may 
have come from dangerous localities is not possible. I believe, however, 
that if the necessary funds were available to meet the expense, such points 
as St. Joseph, Atchison, Leavenworth, Fort Scott and Columbus, should 
be guarded by inspectors, as well as that most important of all points, Kan- 
sas City. Establishing points of entry at these places would entail an 
additional expense of about $5,000 a year — a sum insignificant in compar- 
ison with the losses we would sustain from an outbreak of the disease. I 
earnestly commend the matter to your consideration, knowing that your 
zeal in protecting our live-stock interests will prompt the adoption of all 
measures which in your conservative judgment may appear necessary. 

The condition of affairs at Kansas City is not all that could be desired. 
Of the many shipments of cattle from quarantined districts, en route to 
Kansas, but 21 head have gone into quarantine; the remainder have de- 
clined to undergo the expense and detention imposed by our regulatioDS, 
and, in most instances, have been sold in the Kansas City market. Whether 
any of these animals had ever been exposed to pleuro-pneumonia, I have no 
means of knowing; but if they had been, the disposition of them on our 
borders, and in the market on which we largely depend for the sale of our 
cattle, makes it possible to have an outbreak of this disease at any time, at 
a point where it would prove most disastrous to our interests. 

I have called the attention of the State Veterinarian of Missouri to the 
situation, who replies that he has no authority to prevent the objectionable 
practice. If this practice continues, I would respectfully recommend that 
all Missouri cattle be classed with those of infected States, and prohibited 
from entering Kansas unless they shall first undergo a ninety days' quaran- 
tine. 

GLANDERS AND FARCY. 

The number of requests for the inspection of animals suspected of being 
infected with glanders is not quite so great as during 1885. Sixty-six coun- 
ties have reported infection during the year, of which number 35 have been 
in whole or in part inspected. In these 35 counties, 117 animals have been 
found with the disease, of which number 92 have been killed. The re- 
mainder are held in quarantine. 



thibd Annual Repobt. 31 

The inability of the State Veterinarian to inspect without delay, or even 
to inspect at all, the many cases of this disease reported, has given rise, very 
justly, as it seems to me, to many complaints at the unjust workings of the 
law, and at the same time has imposed very serious burdens on many inno- 
cent owners of suspected animals. As the law requires, most cases of glan- 
ders are reported to the sheriff of the county wherein they exist, and by him 
are placed in quarantine. Since a considerable number of the cases reported 
prove to be something other than glanders, it would seem that some means 
should be provided whereby an inspection'of reported cases might be made 
without delay. To lock up, by authority of law, the only team a farmer 
owns, without giving him in return the early inspection services to which 
he is entitled, is not right.. Furthermore, it is one of the greatest incentives 
in preventing the report of many cases of the disease. 

In attempting to suppress this dangerous disease, several serious obstacles 
are encountered. The simple fact that it is so insidious in its nature, makes 
it one of the most difficult to deal with. The first obstacle met is the very 
uncertain period of incubation. How short this period may be is not posi- 
tively known, although experimental inoculation shows it to range from 
three to twenty days. But where exposure takes place in the usual manner 
— by contact of the healthy with the diseased animal — the period of incu- 
bation has been observed to cover more than twelve months. As a rule, how- 
ever, if no sign of the disease is discoverable, on expert examination, at the 
end of three months after exposure has happened, it may reasonably be ex- 
pected that infection has not occurred. Another obstacle which presents 
itself is the very mild development of symptoms so often met with in this 
State, due no doubt to the dryness of our atmosphere. It is by no means 
exceptional to find an animal which has been infected with glanders for 
months, showing but a little discharge from the nostrils, and this only at 
intervals, with no enlargement of the submaxillary glands, and with all of 
the apparent symptoms of good health. Such cases prove to be the most 
dangerous, for the reason that they give no sign by which the public may 
be warned of their true condition, and as a consequence they mingle with 
our healthy animals with impunity. Finally, the majority of horse-owners 
seem to be impressed with the idea that they were born with a full knowledge 
of the horse and all of his ailments. It is useless to tell such individuals 
that a glandered animal often lives five or six years, maintaining during the 
time fair flesh, a sleek coat, and the ability to perform hard labor. It is 
equally useless to tell them that the farcy bud, the glanders nodule and the 
glanders ulcer, found in the mucous membrane of the nose, are specific in- 
dications of the disease about which no mistake can be made, for these 
things do not comport with their preconceived idea of what glanders ought 
to be, and consequently they do not believe that these evidences constitute 
sufficient grounds on which to base a diagnosis. 

But however diverse may be the opinions entertained by the laity, as to 



32 LIVE-STOCK SANITARY COMMISSION. 

what constitutes glanders, the fact should be patent to all who give the 
matter thought, that a disease which is incurable, and which is becoming 
more widespread and prevalent each year, causing not only the loss of many 
of our most valued animals, but human lives also, is one worthy of the in- 
tervention of the State in the matter of its supression. 

Glanders does not originate spontaneously, hence it can be killed out and 
prevented. All civilized countries believe in the necessity for its extermi- 
nation. All armies appreciate fully how soon it can destroy the efficiency 
of their cavalry and transport service. Even in our own army, all cases of 
glanders and farcy are destroyed as soon as discovered. The same measures 
should be enforced in this State. 

That our general law on the subject of contagious diseases permits of the 
destruction of glandered animals is true, but that little can be accomplished 
in the way of exterminating the disease at present is due to the following 
circumstances : There are so many suspected cases reported that the State 
Veterinarian cannot inspect them all ; there is no authority for the employ- 
ment of assistants; the expense attending the destruction of a glandered 
animal, without the consent of the owner, often costs the State more than a 
healthy animal is worth ; destroying glandered animals for the benefit of a 
community, without compensating the owner for at least a part of his losses, 
does not meet the approval of a majority of the people of most communi- 
ties ; a majority of the owners of glandered animals would rather trade them 
away, or sell them at any price, than permit of their destruction by the 
State, under the law as it now stands ; many condemned animals are stolen (?) 
and taken to other counties, where they establish new centers of infection ; 
and, lastly, there is an unrestricted traffic in animals affected with this dis- 
ease, between this and other States. 

These difficulties, I believe, could be overcome by the passage of an act 
containing provisions similar to those to be found in the bill which your 
Board recommended in your last report. I therefore would urgently request 
your Board to recommend such changes in the laws as were contemplated in 
the bill referred to. 

HOG CHOLERA. 

True to the history of previous visitations of this great swine plague, the 
high tide of its mortality was reached last year, and we find now that the 
disease has largely disappeared from the State. But that we shall again, in 
the near future, experience another outbreak just as serious and extensive, 
cannot be doubted by anyone acquainted with the peculiar history of the 
malady. To adopt such measures as will prevent a repetition of our recent 
enormous losses, would be but prudent forethought. I therefore beg to re- 
new my recommendations of last year, that section 22 of the sanitary law 
be repealed, so that this disease may be dealt with in the same manner as 
other malignant, contagious, and infectious diseases. 



THIBD ANNUAL BEPOBT. 33 

TEXAS FEVER. 

The losses from Texas fever during the year, in so far as I have been able 
to learn, will hardly reach $5,000. Most of these losses happened from 
steers becoming infected, while on the road to market, outside of the State. 
The efficiency of our law on this subject, after an experience of two years, 
can no longer be questioned. Outside of the losses which result from pur- 
chasing animals already infected, the cattle interests of the State are fully 
protected by this measure. 

BLACK-LEG IN CATTLE. 

Whether the diminished number of outbreaks of this disease within the 
State is to be attributed to the information furnished by this office, is a 
question I cannot answer, but it is a fact, nevertheless, that during the last 
three years the number of cases reported has continually grown less, until 
now the disease is rarely heard of. 

INDIGESTION IN CATTLE. 

Synonyms: — Dry Murrain; Bloody Murrain; Impaction of the Stomachs; Stomach 

Staggers; Maw-Bound; Enteritis. 

Early in the autumn so many cases of this trouble were reported that 
I prepared a special report on the subject, which by request was published 
by the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture. The demand therefor 
was so great that nearly all of the 5,000 copies printed were furnished to 
the public within thirty days. I therefore transmit herewith a copy of the 
same, with the request that it be republished as a part of our annual report : 

DEFINITION. 

Under the head of indigestion, I propose to treat of all those derange- 
ments of the digestive organs which are so common to cattle in this State. 
While the lesions produced by these complaints differ very materially, the 
symptoms of all are so closely grouped together, and the causes so nearly 
related, that to treat of each one separately would only serve to confound 
the readers for whom this report is intended. The object sought in present- 
ing this article to the public is to direct the atttention of stock raisers to 
causes which produce these complaints, and the means and measures neces- 
sary to prevent them. 

Dry murrain is used to designate that condition in which marked consti- 
pation exists, without any organic disease of the digestive organs. When 
the discharges from the bowels are bloody, and they may be either hard or 
soft, the trouble is called bloody murrain. 

When the first stomach, or rumen, is packed with undigested food, the 
complaint is called impaction of the rumen (paunch). When this condition 
is found in the third stomach it is called impaction of the manyply. ( The 
second and fourth stomachs are never impacted.) Whenever from over- 
distention of the first or third stomachs, the functions of the brain are so 
3 



34 LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 

deranged that the animal staggers in his gait, turns in a circle, or stumbles 
as he walks, the disease is known as stomach staggers. 

Maw-bound means simply that the contents of the maw, or first stomach, 
are prevented from passing onward in the process of digestion ; in other 
words, it is impaction of the rumen. 

Enteritis, in the broad sense, is used to designate inflammation of the 
bowels, of the stomachs, or of both. 

GENERAL PREVALENCE OF THE DISEASE. 

The losses of cattle in this State, resulting from derangement of the di- 
gestive organs, undoubtedly exceed the losses produced by all other causes 
combined. While the disease is occasionally seen during the spring and 
summer months, it is most common during the autumn and winter ; and 
while no part of the State is free from the complaint, it is most common in 
the great corn-raising counties. The general prevalence of the disease, and 
consequently of the mortality, is determined largely by the character of our 
seasons ; for upon these seasons the quality of our cattle-food greatly de- 
pends. 

The one great cause of indigestion in cattle, is the use of much dry and 
innutritious food throughout a great part of the year. An occasional case 
of acute indigestion, or of enteritis, will be found in animals kept on rich 
food ; but these are exceptional cases, and the cause therefor is not always 
to be found in the nature of the food. 

Unfortunately, it is the custom in this State to feed stock cattle largely 
upon corn stalks which have been left to ripen in the fields, and upon grass 
which has been deprived of most of its nutritious qualities by reaching 
maturity before being made into hay. As is well known, when grass, wheat, 
rye, millet, and corn are allowed to ripen on the ground, the stalk contains 
but little nutritious matter, being composed almost entirely of indigestible 
cellulose and woody fiber. Even the buffalo grass, which in time gone by 
was considered a superior article of winter food for cattle, has of late years 
lost much of its vaunted reputation, owing to the late autumn rains washing 
out the most of its nutritious elements. Such food, poor in heat-producing 
elements, is not adapted to the proper maintenance of the functions of life. 
Not only is it deficient in quality, but by reason of its poverty it imposes an 
extra tax upon the digestive organs, in that they may extract from the mass 
the little nutriment which it may contain. Too often this expenditure of 
force in the process of digestion is greater than can be replaced by the small 
percentage of matter utilized. The greater the supply of food, the sooner 
does the digestive machine wear out. In other words, the ore is too poor to 
pay for the crushing. 

True it is that many cattle do manage to maintain an existence on such 
food until the spring grasses insure a new lease upon life, but surely there 
is no economy in such a poverty of condition. 

Another cause of indigestion is to be found in musty hay, straw and 



THIRD ANNUAL REPORT. 35 



fodder. Of these three, musty straw, and particularly oat straw, is the 
most common. Musty fodder is rather rare, for the reasons that but little 
corn is cut up, and when it is it is so ripe that little curing is required. 
Rotten corn when left in the fields at the time of gathering may prove pro- 
ductive of serious digestive derangements to cattle turned into the stalks 
to pasture. The small percentage, however, of such grain, gathered with 
the crop, is not likely to do any harm. But the refuse from cribs in which 
corn has been stored should never be used for food, since it is exceedingly 
dangerous, particularly to horses and cattle. 

As to whether the smut of corn is dangerous when eaten by cattle, seems 
to be an open question. The majority of the writers on the subject imagine 
that it is ; and yet, in so far as I can learn, all experiments made in feeding 
it, even in very large quantities for many days at a time, have been un- 
attended by any serious results. From my own observations, I am led to 
the conclusion that it is not poisonous, and that if it has any unfavorable 
influence on the animal eating it, this influence is limited solely to the 
tendency it may have to produce impaction. 

But a deficiency in the quantity and quality of the food supply, stands 
not alone as the cause of an excessive mortality among our stock cattle ; 
want of shelter and poor water lend helping hands in this waste of wealth. 
Want of shelter is simply a waste of fuel, for the animal temperature must 
be maintained at the normal standard of 100°. If it falls much below this, 
the animal dies. To sustain this temperature requires the constant conver- 
sion of food into heat. If food is not supplied from without, the animal 
must fall back on his own store house of fat. Anything which increases 
the loss of body heat increases the demand for food. Exposure to bleak 
winds and low temperatures tend to exhaust the heat of the body, and this 
in turn proves dangerous by impairing all life functions, particularly that 
of digestion. These reasons in part account for the increased mortality 
among cattle which attends all our cold spells of winter. 

AY ant of water is not less dangerous than want of food and shelter. 
About seventy pounds of water per day are required by a steer weighing a 
thousand pounds, while kept on good food. Very rich food may be digested 
with a lesser quantity. The more dry and innutritious the food, the greater 
must be the supply of water. Corn stalks and poor prairie hay require the 
consumption of from ninety to one hundred pounds of water per day for 
each animal of a thousand pounds. This immense amount of water must 
be raised to the temperature of the animal before it becomes a part of him- 
self in the intricate processes of life. This can only be done by the ex- 
penditure of animal heat, which must be replaced primarily by the pro- 
cess of digestion. It follows, then, that the colder this supply of water, the 
greater is the task of heating it to the normal temperature of the body. In 
other words, very cold water for cattle in winter weather is a waste of food. 
And not only is it a waste of food, but it is also detrimental to digestion, 



36 LIVE-STOCK SANITARY COMMISSION. 

for it largely arrests this function until the water has reached the tempera- 
ture of the body. Instinctively the unsheltered brute drinks sparingly of 
very cold water in winter weather — a precaution not always unattended by 
danger, for it may excite a fatal impaction of one or both the stomachs. 

A deficient supply of water is detrimental for still another reason ; for 
without an ample quantity the nutritive elements cannot be extracted from 
the food, and as a consequence they are wasted by passing out of the body 
unused. At the same time, a stint in the water supply makes the process 
of chewing the cud slow, laborious, and often incomplete. 

That the water supply, then, should be pure, plentiful, accessible, and not 
too cold in winter, must be apparent to all who give the matter thought. 

Lastly, in this connection, it would seem that no argument should be nec- 
essary to prove that the owner is amply compensated for the care which he 
may give his animals; and yet there is so much wealth lost each year in 
cattle that die for the want of proper food and shelter, one is forced to the 
conclusion that too many owners are imbued with the idea that the border 
line of starvation is the economical high road to success in raising stock. 
From this belief, or at least from this practice, I emphatically dissent. It 
is not right, it is not just to the dumb brute, and it is not economical, to 
meanly care for the animal, which by virtue of its circumstances is deprived 
of the opportunity to care for itself. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The symptoms of deranged digestion in cattle are most characteristic. 
They vary of course within certain limits, according to the organ most af- 
fected, and the nature of the derangement. No one case will present all of 
the symptoms here enumerated, but the presence of several of the more 
prominent ones will enable anyone who is closely observant to make a diag- 
nosis. The greatest losses occur from turning cattle into stalk fields, and 
the symptoms in these cases generally appear within a few hours after the 
animals have gratified their appetites. It is quite common to find one or 
more of a bunch dead the next morning after their first experience in the 
stalks. At other times no sick ones are seen for two or three days, and even 
a week or ten days will elapse before the last will sicken from a single meal 
made in the stalk fields. In one outbreak which I saw this fall, of 27 ani- 
mals turned in the stalks one afternoon 14 were dead within 26 hours. In 
another, 6 died during the first night; in another, 14 died in 10 days, and 
three were sick; in another, 11 out of 23 died w r ithin two weeks; and in 
still another, 23 out of 47 died within four weeks. These are by no means 
exceptional examples. 

When an animal has been kept for a long time on poor, coarse food, the 
symptoms are more slowly developed and death not so sudden. In these 
cases the animal grows poor, the bones stick out, the flanks tuck up, the 
back is arched, the coat is rough and wiry ; the limbs are weak, and exposure 
causes a severe fit of shivering. An attack of indigestion is now ushered in 



THIBD ANNUAL REPOBT. 37 

by a loss of appetite, a failure to chew the cud, a dull, sunken, staring ap- 
pearance of the eyes, a more or less discharge of saliva from the mouth, 
grinding of the teeth, trembling of the muscles — particularly in the flank — 
knuckling of the hind fetlocks, stumbling over slight inequalities of the 
ground, unsteadiness of the hind parts when walking, straining to pass 
manure, which is hard, dark colored, and generally covered with shreds of 
mucus, and often spots of blood; the frequent passage of small quantities 
of urine, complete paralysis, and death. In some cases, the first thing 
noticed is that the animal leaves the herd and stands by himself, refusing 
to eat or drink. In others, he stands with head erect, the eyes glaring, ready 
to run at anything which comes near him. In others, he stands and bawls 
at frequent intervals. Or he may have repeated spasms, in which he falls 
to the ground, where he remains until the fit has passed, when he arises as 
if nothing had happened. In other cases, the first symptom seen is a wild 
rubbing of the head or hind quarters against a post or tree. The itching is 
so intense in many of these cases, that the hair is rubbed off and the skin 
lacerated, until the blood flows freely. For some unknown reason, the right 
side of the head at the base of the horn or root of the ear, is the part most 
often injured in this manner. In some cases the hind fetlock joints are torn 
with the teeth. In some the animal has spells of complete blindness, 
during which he stumbles around and over objects like a drunken man. In 
many instances they persist in turning around in a small circle. Some hunt 
for water, and while they rarely drink much, often die in the stream or on 
its banks. Some will wander aimlessly around or stray miles away and die. 
Some have rigid contractions of the muscles of the neck and back, so that 
they cannot place the head to the ground. Some seem to improve after two 
or three days' illness, then relapse and die. Many die in from two to ten 
hours' time, while others live for as many days. Some bloat before or 
shortly after death, while many never bloat at all. While the majority of 
cases have the most marked constipation, with more or less colicky pains, 
some have diarrhoea. The young as well as the aged are alike susceptible. 
As a rule, the heartiest eaters are the first to sicken and die. The mortality 
is very great, as but few recover from an attack. 

POST-MORTEM APPEARANCES. 

When a number of animals have been turned into stalk fields, and the 
next morning from one to ten per cent, are found dead, a post-mortem will 
show the first stomach filled with a great mass of fodder which is only 
slightly masticated. The third stomach is filled with dry food, often so dry 
that it will crumble like ashes. This, in many instances, is all that can be 
found. In cases which live longer, and in which dry fodder has been the 
only food for some time, the first stomach often contains a great mass of 
fodder, corn husks, coarse grass, etc., so entangled that it can scarcely be 
torn apart. This condition of the food of course prevents it from being 
raised in the form of a cud for rechewing, and as a consequence it remains 



38 LIVE-STOCK SANITABY COMMISSION. 

in the stomach as a foreign body which cannot escape, until it causes death. 
In other instances the condition of the first stomach will be found normal, 
with the exception of patches of congested mucous membrane. The third 
stomach may then be found packed with very dry food, or it too may be in 
apparent healthy condition. In these cases the fourth or true stomach is 
found with a uniformly reddened mucous membrane, or with great patches 
congested and inflamed. If this stomach is healthy in appearance the in- 
testines are the seat of inflammatory changes. They may present dark-red 
r purple patches, confined to the lining membrane, or the whole substance 
of the intestine may be discolored and blackened. The liver is often spotted 
and very easily torn, while in nearly all cases where impaction is present 
the gall bladder will be found distended with a thick fluid. This distension 
may be so great that all the tissues seem to be discolored with the brownish- 
yellow pigment of the bile. The kidneys are often congested. The lower 
bowels generally contain dry masses of manure, coated with mucus and blood. 
The lung on the side next to the ground at the time of death is always 
black from engorgement with blood. The other lung is often spotted with 
congested patches. The windpipe may be filled with a frothy mucus. The 
heart is often bloodshot on the outer as well as on the inner surface. The 
heart sac often contains an excess of fluid varying from one to sixteen ounces 
in quantity. Occasionally this fluid contains a mass of coagulated febrin. 
Quantities of fluid of the same character may be found in the chest. The 
cavities of the heart sometimes contains a dense clot of blood, which is 
whitish in color near the center. The bladder is often distended to its ut- 
most with urine. 

My post-mortem examinations of the brain and spinal cord have not been 
extensive enough to warrant a conclusion as to the changes which may gen- 
erally be found in these organs. In those cases, however, where the patient 
has been wild and viciously disposed, followed later by complete loss of sensi- 
bility, I have found the brain congested. Where the hind parts first showed 
loss of power, the spinal cord in the lumbar region showed slight congestion 
and some' effusion of a clear fluid into the canal. In old cases where the 
disease has lasted for several days, and where the cause was to be attributed 
to the long-continued use of coarse, innutritious food, the post-mortem ap- 
pearances have been most interesting. In these cases the subject may have 
carried a fair amount of flesh, but the post-mortem reveals an entire absence 
of fat among the muscles, around the heart, kidneys, on the intestines, and 
in the bones. In place of fat, however, is found an amber-colored, gela- 
tinous matter, which is clearly transparent. The bones were brittle, and 
could easily be cut to pieces with a knife. The bone cells or cavities were 
filled with the peculiar gelatinous matter. On opening the spinal canal the 
spinal cord, in those cases where paralysis of the hind parts was marked, 
was atrophied and white, and surrounded in the lumbar region by the same 
gelatinous matter as found in other parts. 



third Annual report. 39 

That paralysis of the digestive organs happens in many of the cases of 
indigestion, particularly where the rumen and manyply are packed with 
food, I believe is true. It seems to me that this only will explain the cause 
of many of the early deaths in some outbreaks. If derangement of the 
organs of digestion can so readily produce paralysis of the hind limbs, it is 
fair to presume that this paralysis might begin at the seat of the primary 
trouble. The cause and nature of the lesions of the nervous system, how- 
ever, deserve a further investigation and study. 

TREATMENT. 
The treatment of but few diseases is attended with such unsatisfactory 
results as this one. No matter what measures are resorted to, but few of 
these cases recover. The indications for treatment, however, demand that 
the digestive organs shall be relieved of all indigestible matter, and for this 
purpose a full dose of physic is administered, consisting of — 

Epsom salts, lj lbs. Ginger, 2 oz. 

Nux vomica, 2 drachms. Warm water, % gallon. 

Four hours afterward give 1J pints of raw linseed oil. To stimulate 

the stomachs to a performance of their functions, give every two or three 

hours — 

Aromatic spirits of ammonia, 2 oz. Cayenne pepper, J oz. 
Salt, 1 oz. Water, 1 quart. 

If the animal will not drink freely, he should be drenched with tepid 
water every four hours. The food should consist of oat meal, corn meal, or 
bran slops. The bowels should be relieved by frequent injections of warm 
water. If the first stomach is filled with food, a veterinary surgeon should 
be called in to remove the matter by opening the flank. If the stomach is 
distended with gas, it should be tapped upon the left side with a trocar. If 
the abdominal pains are severe, they may be relieved by 2-oz. doses of lau- 
danum, repeated every four hours. If the patient is on full feed, and the 
attack is acute, the oil only should be used as a physic, and the stimulants 
may be omitted from the treatment. Diarrhoea my be present, and yet the 
stomachs may be impacted so that the diarrhoea alone is not a contra-indi- 
cation for the use of full doses of physic. 

In this, as in ail diseases, the main object sought should be the prevention 
of causes. Coarse, dry, innutritious food should never constitute the exclu- 
sive diet of cattle. If the hay is poor, corn, bran, sorghum or millet should 
be added. Sorghum is not only palatable, but by reason of the large per- 
centage of juice which it contains tends to overcome any disposition to con- 
stipation. If corn stalks are to be used, they should be cut before they are 
ripe, and cured in the shock. If they are to be pastured in the field, see to 
it that the cattle are not turned in until they are well filled with other food 
and water. A hungry animal should never be turned into a stalk field. 
Let the cattle have daily access to a mixture of salt, Epsom salts, and salt- 
petre, mixed in the proportion of 45, 45, and 10, respectively. 

Topeka, Kas., Dec. 31, 1886. A. A. HOLCOMBE, State Veterinarian. 



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